Dataset Information

Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2014-2020.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Descriptions of changes in invasive bacterial disease (IBD) epidemiology during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States are limited.

Methods

We investigated changes in the incidence of IBD due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group A Streptococcus (GAS), and group B Streptococcus (GBS). We defined the COVID-19 pandemic period as 1 March to 31 December 2020. We compared observed IBD incidences during the pandemic to expected incidences, consistent with January 2014 to February 2020 trends. We conducted secondary analysis of a health care database to assess changes in testing by blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture during the pandemic.

Results

Compared with expected incidences, the observed incidences of IBD due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, GAS, and GBS were 58%, 60%, 28%, and 12% lower during the pandemic period of 2020, respectively. Declines from expected incidences corresponded closely with implementation of COVID-19-associated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Significant declines were observed across all age and race groups, and surveillance sites for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Blood and CSF culture testing rates during the pandemic were comparable to previous years.

Conclusions

NPIs likely contributed to the decline in IBD incidence in the United States in 2020; observed declines were unlikely to be driven by reductions in testing.

SUBMITTER: Prasad N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10961849 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2014-2020.

Prasad Namrata N Rhodes Julia J Deng Li L McCarthy Natalie L NL Moline Heidi L HL Baggs James J Reddy Sujan C SC Jernigan John A JA Havers Fiona P FP Sosin Daniel M DM Thomas Ann A Lynfield Ruth R Schaffner William W Reingold Arthur A Burzlaff Kari K Harrison Lee H LH Petit Susan S Farley Monica M MM Herlihy Rachel R Nanduri Srinivas S Pilishvili Tamara T McNamara Lucy A LA Schrag Stephanie J SJ Fleming-Dutra Katherine E KE Kobayashi Miwako M Arvay Melissa M

The Journal of infectious diseases 20230401 7

<h4>Background</h4>Descriptions of changes in invasive bacterial disease (IBD) epidemiology during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States are limited.<h4>Methods</h4>We investigated changes in the incidence of IBD due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group A Streptococcus (GAS), and group B Streptococcus (GBS). We defined the COVID-19 pandemic period as 1 March to 31 December 2020. We compared observed IBD incidences during the pandemic to expec ...[more]

PMID: 36723871

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Project description:ImportanceEye trauma is a common cause of vision loss and a substantial public health problem.ObjectiveTo determine the changes in the incidence of eye trauma hospitalizations in the United States and compare the demographics of affected patients and outcomes of eye trauma as a primary or secondary admitting diagnosis.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective longitudinal cohort study used the National Inpatient Sample, a representative sample of all US community hospitals, to determine the incidence, characteristics, and causes of primary and secondary inpatient eye trauma admissions from 2001 through 2014. All inpatients with relevant diagnoses were included. Linear regression was used to estimate changes in incidence. Logistic regression was used to compare demographics and outcomes between primary and secondary diagnoses, including age, sex, race, income, primary payer, region, year of admission, length of stay, cost, and disposition at discharge.ExposuresEye trauma.Main outcomes and measuresIncidence and characteristics of inpatient primary and secondary eye trauma.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2014, there were an estimated 939 608 inpatient admissions (of whom 556 886 were male patients [59.3%]; overall mean [SD] age, 49.4 [25.2] years) in the United States because of eye trauma diagnoses, with 778 967 of these (82.9%) as a secondary diagnosis. The incidence of primary eye trauma decreased from 3.9 to 3.0 per 100 000 population (difference, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.2-1.6] per 100 000 population; P = .001). The incidence of eye trauma as a secondary admitting diagnosis increased from 14.5 to 19.0 per 100 000 population (difference, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.9-7.2] per 100 000 population; P = .004). This was largely attributed to an increasing number of falls in individuals older than 65 years. The most frequent diagnosis was orbital fracture (64 149 [39.9%]) for primary trauma and contusion of eye and adnexa (19 301 [37.8%]) for secondary trauma. Primary trauma was more common in children (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.21 [95% CI, 2.09-2.32]) and adolescents (aOR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.19-1.32]) than adults (reference), African American individuals (aOR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.81-1.97]) and Hispanic individuals (aOR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.45-1.59]) than white individuals, and uninsured patients (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.07-1.22]) and those receiving Medicaid (aOR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.05-1.19]) than Medicare beneficiaries. Patients with a primary diagnosis were more likely to have a stay of less than 3 days (patients with a primary diagnosis: 101 796 [63.4%]; secondary diagnosis: 274 538 [35.2%]), more likely to have costs in the lowest quartile (patients with a primary diagnosis: 51 212 [31.9%]; secondary diagnosis: 166 260 [21.3%]), and less likely to die (patients with a primary diagnosis: 526 [0.3%]; secondary diagnosis: 20 929 [2.7%]).Conclusions and relevanceThese findings suggest that the increasing number of falls in individuals older than 65 years and the high risk of primary eye trauma in populations such as children and adolescents warrant the development and implementation of effective preventive strategies. Many of these patients are seen in ophthalmology practices where proactive risk assessment and counseling can play a critical role.

Dataset Information

Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2014-2020.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2014-2020.

Similar Datasets

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