Dataset Information

Cryptic circulation of chikungunya virus in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, 2015-2019.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread across Brazil with varying incidence rates depending on the affected areas. Due to cocirculation of arboviruses and overlapping disease symptoms, CHIKV infection may be underdiagnosed. To understand the lack of CHIKV epidemics in São José do Rio Preto (SJdRP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil, we evaluated viral circulation by investigating anti-CHIKV IgG seroconversion in a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals and detecting anti-CHIKV IgM in individuals suspected of dengue infection, as well as CHIKV presence in Aedes mosquitoes. The opportunity to assess two different groups (symptomatic and asymptomatic) exposed at the same geographic region aimed to broaden the possibility of identifying the viral circulation, which had been previously considered absent.

Methodology/principal findings

Based on a prospective population study model and demographic characteristics (sex and age), we analyzed the anti-CHIKV IgG seroconversion rate in 341 subjects by ELISA over four years. The seroprevalence increased from 0.35% in the first year to 2.3% after 3 years of follow-up. Additionally, we investigated 497 samples from a blood panel collected from dengue-suspected individuals during the 2019 dengue outbreak in SJdRP. In total, 4.4% were positive for anti-CHIKV IgM, and 8.6% were positive for IgG. To exclude alphavirus cross-reactivity, we evaluated the presence of anti-Mayaro virus (MAYV) IgG by ELISA, and the positivity rate was 0.3% in the population study and 0.8% in the blood panel samples. In CHIKV and MAYV plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), the positivity rate for CHIKV-neutralizing antibodies in these ELISA-positive samples was 46.7%, while no MAYV-neutralizing antibodies were detected. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed CHIKV genotype ECSA in São José do Rio Preto, SP. Finally, mosquitoes collected to complement human surveillance revealed CHIKV positivity of 2.76% of A. aegypti and 9.09% of A. albopictus (although it was far less abundant than A. aegypti) by RT-qPCR.

Conclusions/significance

Our data suggest cryptic CHIKV circulation in SJdRP detected by continual active surveillance. These low levels, but increasing, of viral circulation highlight the possibility of CHIKV outbreaks, as there is a large naïve population. Improved knowledge of the epidemiological situation might aid in outbreaks prevention.

SUBMITTER: Zini N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10965090 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cryptic circulation of chikungunya virus in São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, 2015-2019.

Zini Nathalia N Ávila Matheus Henrique Tavares MHT Cezarotti Natalia Morbi NM Parra Maisa Carla Pereira MCP Banho Cecília Artico CA Sacchetto Livia L Negri Andreia Francesli AF Araújo Emerson E Bittar Cintia C Milhin Bruno Henrique Gonçalves de Aguiar BHGA Miranda Hernandes Victor V Dutra Karina Rocha KR Trigo Leonardo Agopian LA Cecílio da Rocha Leonardo L Alves da Silva Rafael R Celestino Dutra da Silva Gislaine G Fernanda Pereira Dos Santos Tamires T de Carvalho Marques Beatriz B Lopes Dos Santos Andresa A Augusto Marcos Tayar MT Mistrão Natalia Franco Bueno NFB Ribeiro Milene Rocha MR Pinheiro Tauyne Menegaldo TM Maria Izabel Lopes Dos Santos Thayza T Avilla Clarita Maria Secco CMS Bernardi Victoria V Freitas Caroline C Gandolfi Flora de Andrade FA Ferraz Júnior Hélio Correa HC Perim Gabriela Camilotti GC Gomes Mirella Cezare MC Garcia Pedro Henrique Carrilho PHC Rocha Rodrigo Sborghi RS Galvão Tayna Manfrin TM Fávaro Eliane Aparecida EA Scamardi Samuel Noah SN Rogovski Karen Sanmartin KS Peixoto Renan Luiz RL Benfatti Luiza L Cruz Leonardo Teixeira LT Chama Paula Patricia de Freitas PPF Oliveira Mânlio Tasso MT Watanabe Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha ASA Terzian Ana Carolina Bernardes ACB de Freitas Versiani Alice A Dibo Margareth Regina MR Chiaravalotti-Neto Francisco F Weaver Scott Cameron SC Estofolete Cassia Fernanda CF Vasilakis Nikos N Nogueira Mauricio Lacerda ML

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20240314 3

<h4>Background</h4>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread across Brazil with varying incidence rates depending on the affected areas. Due to cocirculation of arboviruses and overlapping disease symptoms, CHIKV infection may be underdiagnosed. To understand the lack of CHIKV epidemics in São José do Rio Preto (SJdRP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil, we evaluated viral circulation by investigating anti-CHIKV IgG seroconversion in a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals and detecting anti-CHIKV IgM i ...[more]

PMID: 38484018

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