Diabetic Retinopathy and Regulation of Mitochondrial Glutathione-Glutathione Peroxidase Axis in Hyperhomocysteinemia.

ABSTRACT: Diabetic patients have elevated homocysteine levels, and hyperhomocysteinemia is shown to exacerbate mitochondrial damage, which plays a central role in diabetic retinopathy. Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduction using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. GSH and GPx are mainly cytosolic but are also present in the mitochondria to neutralize H₂O₂ produced by superoxide dismutase, and in diabetes, they are downregulated. Hyperhomocysteinemia also disrupts the balance between S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM); SAM is also a methyl donor for DNA methylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of homocysteine in mitochondrial GSH-GPx1 regulation in diabetic retinopathy. Human retin

SUBMITTER: Malaviya P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10967481 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature