Metabolic Consequences of Anabolic Steroids, Insulin, and Growth Hormone Abuse in Recreational Bodybuilders: Implications for the World Anti-Doping Agency Passport.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hormonal doping in recreational sports is a public-health concern. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) promoted the creation of the Athlete Biological Passport, aiming to monitor athlete's biological variables over time to facilitate indirect detection of doping. Detection tests for anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and growth hormone (GH) are available while insulin abuse cannot be revealed. We have determined in recreational bodybuilders the metabolic effects associated with different patterns of hormone abuse. All analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0 software (SPSS Chicago, IL).

Results

We have assessed plasma concentrations of selected metabolic markers and fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes of 92 male bod

SUBMITTER: Di Girolamo FG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10973313 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature