Efficient biodegradation of straw and persistent organic pollutants by a novel strategy using recombinant Trichoderma reesei
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Xia Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10992801 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We overexpressed the err1 gene in the Trichoderma reesei wild-type and in the cellulase hyperproducing, carbon catabolite derepressed strain Rut-C30 in order to investigate the possibility of producing erythritol with T. reesei. Two different promoters were used for err1 overexpression in both strains, a constitutive (the native pyruvat kinase (pki) promoter) and an inducible one (the native β-xylosidase (bxl1) promoter). The derived recombinant strains were precharacterized by analysis of err1 transcript formation on D-xylose and xylan. Based on this, one strain of each type was chosen for further investigation for erythritol production in shake flasks and in bioreactor experiments. For the latter, we used wheat straw pretreated by an alkaline organosolve process as lignocellulosic substrate. Shake flask experiments on D-xylose showed increased erythritol formation for both, the wild-type and the Rut-C30 overexpression strain compared to their respective parental strain. Bioreactor cultivations on wheat straw did not increase erythritol formation in the wild-type overexpression strain. However, err1 overexpression in Rut-C30 led to a clearly higher erythritol formation on wheat straw.
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Project description:The electro-Fenton (EF) process is regarded as an efficient and promising sewage disposal technique for sustainable water environment protection. However, current developments in EF are largely restricted by cathode electrocatalysts. Herein, a supramolecular self-assembly strategy is adopted for synthetization, based on melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) supramolecular aggregates integrated with carbon fixation using 5-aminosalicylic acid and zinc acetylacetonate hydrate. The prepared carbon materials characterize an ordered lamellar microstructure, high specific surface area (595 m2 g-1), broad mesoporous distribution (4~33 nm) and high N doping (19.62%). Such features result from the intrinsic superiority of hydrogen-bonded MCA supramolecular aggregates via the specific molecular assembly process. Accordingly, noteworthy activity and selectivity of H2O2 production (~190.0 mg L-1 with 2 h) are achieved. Excellent mineralization is declared for optimized carbon material in several organic pollutants, namely, basic fuchsin, chloramphenicol, phenol and several mixed triphenylmethane-type dyestuffs, with total organic carbon removal of 87.5%, 74.8%, 55.7% and 54.2% within 8 h, respectively. This work offers a valuable insight into facilitating the application of supramolecular-derived carbon materials for extensive EF degradation.
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Project description:Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiated into adipocytes (day 10) while being continuously exposed to either one of three different persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely TCDD, PFOS, and TBT. The Illumina Infinium 450K Human DNA methylation Beadchip v1.2 was used to measure DNA methylation of unexposed differentiated adipocytes and compared to POP-exposed differentiated adipocytes. Our aims were to 1) measure genome-wide DNA methylation changes upon POP exposure during adipocyte differentiation in primary hMSCs and 2) investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression regulation after POP-exposure in a panel of 84 adipocyte-related genes.
2016-12-27 | GSE75133 | GEO
Project description:We sought to investigate the relationship between maternal preconception exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes (GDM) and gestational hypertension. Data from 258 (51%) women with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) confirmed pregnancies reaching ≥24weeks gestation, from a prospective cohort of 501 couples who discontinued contraception to attempt pregnancy, were analyzed. Preconception concentrations of 9 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were quantified in serum. In separate multiple logistic regression models of self-reported physician diagnosed outcomes: GDM (11%) and gestational hypertension (10%), chemicals were natural log-transformed and rescaled by their standard deviation (SD). Models were adjusted for serum lipids, and then adjusted for age, body mass index, race, and smoking. Models were additionally adjusted for the sum of the remaining POPs in each chemical class. Women's serum concentration of PBDE congener 153 (PBDE-153) was positively associated with an increased odds of GDM per SD increase in log-transformed concentration, for unadjusted (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.02-1.81), a priori adjusted (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.86) and with the sum of remaining PBDEs (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.74) models. Our findings suggest that at environmentally relevant concentrations, maternal exposure to POPs prior to conception may contribute to increased chance of developing GDM.
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Project description:Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain-aerosol (KRP) and rain-gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas-water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions.
| S-EPMC8495897 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), has historically been linked to population collapses in wildlife. Despite international regulations, these legacy chemicals are still currently detected in women of reproductive age, and their levels correlate with reduced ovarian reserve, longer time-to-pregnancy, and higher risk of infertility. However, the specific modes of action underlying these associations remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of five commonly occurring POPs − hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), 2,3,3′,4,4′,5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB156), 2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB180), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) − and their mixture on human ovaries in vitro. We exposed human ovarian cancer cell lines COV434, KGN, and PA1 as well as primary ovarian cells for 24 h, and ovarian tissue containing unilaminar follicles for 6 days. RNA-sequencing of samples exposed to concentrations covering epidemiologically relevant levels revealed significant gene expression changes related to central energy metabolism in the exposed cells, indicating glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species as potential shared targets of POP exposures in ovarian cells. Alpha-enolase (ENO1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), cytochrome C oxidase subunit 4I1 (COX4I1), ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5A), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were validated as targets through qPCR in additional cell culture experiments in KGN. In ovarian tissue cultures, we observed significant effects of exposure on follicle growth and atresia as well as protein expression. All POP exposures, except PCB180, decreased unilaminar follicle proportion and increased follicle atresia. Immunostaining confirmed altered expression of LDHA, ATP5A, and GPX4 in the exposed tissues. Moreover, POP exposures modified ATP production in KGN and tissue culture. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the disruption of cellular energy metabolism as a novel mode of action underlying POP-mediated interference of follicle growth in human ovaries.
2024-05-03 | GSE252776 | GEO
Project description:Obesity affects nearly 660 million adults worldwide and is known for its many comorbidities. Although the phenomenon of obesity is not fully understood, science regularly reveals new determinants of this pathology. Among them, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been recently highlighted. Mainly lipophilic, POPs are normally stored in adipose tissue and can lead to adverse metabolic effects when released into the bloodstream. The main objective of this narrative review is to discuss the different pathways by which physical activity may counteract POPs' adverse effects. The research that we carried out seems to indicate that physical activity could positively influence several pathways negatively influenced by POPs, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid accumulation, adipogenesis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, that are associated with the development of obesity. This review also indicates how, through the controlled mobilization of POPs, physical activity could be a valuable approach to reduce the concentration of POPs in the bloodstream. These findings suggest that physical activity should be used to counteract the adverse effects of POPs. However, future studies should accurately assess its impact in specific situations such as bariatric surgery, where weight loss promotes POPs' blood release.
| S-EPMC10815489 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo increase the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis for plant biomass conversion into renewable biofuel and chemicals.ResultsBy overexpressing the point mutation A824 V transcriptional activator Xyr1 in Trichoderma reesei, carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities of the best mutant were increased from 1.8 IU/ml, 0.1 IU/ml and 0.05 IU/ml to 4.8 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/ml and 0.3 IU/ml, respectively. The sugar yield of wheat straw saccharification by combining enzymes from this mutant and the Aspergillus niger genetically modified strain ΔcreA/xlnR c/araR c was improved up to 7.5 mg/ml, a 229 % increase compared to the combination of wild type strains.ConclusionsMixing enzymes from T. reesei and A. niger combined with the genetic modification of transcription factors is a promising strategy to increase saccharification efficiency.
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Project description:A realistic mixture of Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs), as found in the blood of a Scandinivian population, was used at realistic concentrations to evaluate developmental, behavioral, and gene expression modifications in zebrafish larvae.
2023-03-31 | GSE208019 | GEO
Project description:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as alternative candidates for antibiotics and have attracted the attention of a wide range of industries for various purposes, including the prevention and treatment of piglet diarrhea in the swine industry. Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens are the most common pathogens causing piglet diarrhea. In this study, the antimicrobial peptide gloverin2 (BMGlv2), derived from Bombyx mandarina, was explored to determine the efficient prevention effect on bacterial piglet diarrhea. BMGlv2 was heterologously expressed in Trichoderma reesei Tu6, and its antimicrobial properties against the three bacteria were characterized. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the peptide against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. derby ATCC 13076, and C. perfringens CVCC 2032 were 43.75, 43.75, and 21.86 μg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of BMGlv2 was not severely affected by high temperature, salt ions, and digestive enzymes. It had low hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells, indicating its safety for use as a feed additive. Furthermore, the measurements of the leakage of bacterial cell contents and scanning electron microscopy of C. perfringens CVCC 2032 indicated that BMGlv2 exerted antimicrobial activity by destroying the cell membrane. Overall, this study showed the heterologous expression of the antimicrobial peptide BMGlv2 in T. reesei and verified its antimicrobial properties against three common pathogenic bacteria associated with piglet diarrhea, which can provide a reference for the applications of AMPs as an alternative product in industrial agriculture.
| S-EPMC9499586 | biostudies-literature