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The Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS): a validation study.

ABSTRACT: Cognitive impairment is common in people with schizophrenia (PWS). To detect the presence and its consequences, cognitive measures with sound psychometric properties are needed. However, these are lacking especially in low-income countries. Hence, we developed the Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS). In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the ECAS in a cross-sectional study involving 350 PWS. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a one-factor solution. ECAS score correlated significantly but weakly with a disability measure (r = -0.13, p = 0.02) and symptom dimensions of PANSS (r between -0.12 and -0.29, p < 0.05), except for positive symptoms (r = -0.10, p > 0.05). Years of education (β = 0.12, 95% CI (0.09, 0.14), p < 0.001), male sex (β = 0.22, 95% CI (0.05, 0.39)), age β = -0.02, 95% CI (-0.03, -0.01), and medication side effects (β = -0.03, 95% CI (-0.06, -0.01), p = 0.021) were significantly associated with the composite score of ECAS. The Item Response Theory analysis showed that the tool best functions among participants with moderate cognitive impairment (difficulty coefficient between -1.12 and 0.27). The Differential Item Functioning analyses showed that education had a positive contribution on Digit Symbol Substitution Test (MH OR = 2.64, 95% CI (1.34, 5.20)). The results showed that ECAS is valid in assessing cognition in PWS in low-resource settings.

SUBMITTER: Gebreegziabhere Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10998832 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS): a validation study.

Gebreegziabhere Yohannes Y Habatmu Kassahun K Cella Matteo M Alem Atalay A

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) 20240406 1

Cognitive impairment is common in people with schizophrenia (PWS). To detect the presence and its consequences, cognitive measures with sound psychometric properties are needed. However, these are lacking especially in low-income countries. Hence, we developed the Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS). In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the ECAS in a cross-sectional study involving 350 PWS. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a one-factor so ...[more]

PMID: 38582925

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Project description:BackgroundDespite a huge well-documented literature on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, little is known about the own perception of patients regarding their cognitive functioning. The purpose of our study was to create a scale to collect subjective cognitive complaints of patients suffering from schizophrenia with Tunisian Arabic dialect as mother tongue and to proceed to a validation study of this scale.MethodsThe authors constructed the Self-Assessment Scale of Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS) based on a questionnaire covering five cognitive domains which are the most frequently reported in the literature to be impaired in schizophrenia. The scale consisted of 21 likert-type questions dealing with memory, attention, executive functions, language and praxia. In a second time, the authors proceeded to the study of psychometric qualities of the scale among 105 patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders (based on DSM- IV criteria). Patients were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment Functioning Scale (GAF scale) and the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS).ResultsThe scale's reliability was proven to be good through Cronbach alpha coefficient equal to 0.85 and showing its good internal consistency. The intra-class correlation coefficient at 11 weeks was equal to 0.77 suggesting a good stability over time. Principal component analysis with Oblimin rotation was performed and yielded to six factors accounting for 58.28% of the total variance of the scale.ConclusionGiven the good psychometric properties that have been revealed in this study, the SASCCS seems to be reliable to measure schizophrenic patients' perception of their own cognitive impairment. This kind of evaluation can't substitute for objective measures of cognitive performances in schizophrenia. The purpose of such an evaluation is to permit to the patient to express his own well-being and satisfaction of quality of life.

Project description:BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common, fatal adult neuromuscular disease. It is a multi-system disorder characterized primarily by motor manifestations, but there is established evidence for cognitive and behavioral impairment, which is associated with poor prognosis, hence, the importance of tools for its assessment. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral Assessment Screen (ECAS) is an invaluable assessment tool for cognition in ALS-front temporal spectrum dementia (FTSD), as it accommodates physical challenges that usually confound traditional neuropsychological testing in those patients.Objective and methodsTo validate the Egyptian Arabic version of ECAS (ECAS-EG) based on the original English scale. This is a prospective study. The ECAS was adapted and administered to 62 Egyptian ALS patients and 60 healthy controls. Patients were recruited from the Neuromuscular Unit, Ain Shams University Hospital. The ECAS was adapted to Egyptian Arabic after being translated using the back translation method. Internal consistency of the test, inter-rater reliability, and construct validity were assessed.ResultsThe Egyptian Arabic version of ECAS (ECAS-EG) showed good internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha of 0.84. Inter-rater reliability was tested, values for all variables were compared, and no statistically significant differences were found (ICC = .997). ECAS-EG discriminated significantly between the patients from the control subjects (p-value of 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between the ECAS-EG total score and the MoCA total score with a p-value of 0.001, thus indicating convergent validity. The test showed that 63% of Egyptian ALS patients were cognitively affected; most affected domains were executive functions and verbal fluency.ConclusionThe current study proves that the Egyptian version of the ECAS (ECAS-EG) is valid and reliable among Egyptian ALS patients and it would be applicable to the general Arabic-speaking population.

Project description:BackgroundCognitive deterioration is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and requires regular follow-up. Currently, cognitive status is measured in clinical practice using paper-and-pencil tests, which are both time-consuming and costly. Remote monitoring of cognitive status could offer a solution because previous studies on telemedicine tools have proved its feasibility and acceptance among people with MS. However, existing smartphone-based apps include designs that are prone to motor interference and focus primarily on information processing speed, although memory is also commonly affected.ObjectiveThis study aims to validate a smartphone-based cognitive screening battery, icognition, to detect deterioration in both memory and information processing speed.MethodsThe icognition screening battery consists of 3 tests: the Symbol Test for information processing speed, the Dot Test for visuospatial short-term memory and learning, and the visual Backward Digit Span (vBDS) for working memory. These tests are based on validated paper-and-pencil tests: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test, and the auditory Backward Digit Span, respectively. To establish the validity of icognition, 101 people with MS and 82 healthy participants completed all tests. Of the 82 healthy participants, 20 (24%) repeated testing 2 to 3 weeks later. For each icognition test, validity was established by the correlation with its paper-and-pencil equivalent (concurrent validity), the correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between baseline and follow-up testing (test-retest reliability), the difference between people with MS and healthy participants, and the correlation with other clinical parameters such as the Expanded Disability Status Scale.ResultsAll icognition tests correlated well with their paper-and-pencil equivalents (Symbol Test: r=0.67; P<.001; Dot Test: r=0.31; P=.002; vBDS: r=0.69; P<.001), negatively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (Symbol Test: ρ=-0.34; P<.001; Dot Test: ρ=-0.32; P=.003; vBDS: ρ=-0.21; P=.04), and showed moderate test-retest reliability (Symbol Test: ICC=0.74; r=0.85; P<.001; Dot Test: ICC=0.71; r=0.74; P<.001; vBDS: ICC=0.72; r=0.83; P<.001). Test performance was comparable between people with MS and healthy participants for all cognitive tests, both in icognition (Symbol Test: U=4431; P=.42; Dot Test: U=3516; P=.32; vBDS: U=3708; P=.27) and the gold standard paper-and-pencil tests (Symbol Digit Modalities Test: U=4060.5, P=.82; 10/36 Spatial Recall Test: U=3934; P=.74; auditory Backward Digit Span: U=3824.5, P=.37).Conclusionsicognition is a valid tool to remotely screen cognitive performance in people with MS. It is planned to be included in a digital health platform that includes volumetric brain analysis and patient-reported outcome measures. Future research should establish the usability and psychometric properties of icognition in a remote setting.

Dataset Information

The Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS): a validation study.

Publications

The Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS): a validation study.

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