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Self-standing bacterial cellulose-reinforced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) doped with graphene oxide composite electrodes for high-performance ionic electroactive soft actuators† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4na00112e

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SUBMITTER: Wu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11019500 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Self-standing cellulose nanofiber/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)/ionic liquid actuators with superior performance.

Project description:This paper describes new actuators with cellulose nanofiber/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)/ionic liquid (CNF/PEDOT:PSS/IL) structures. Devices containing these structures exhibit higher strain and maximum generated stress than those based on only PEDOT:PSS/IL. The new actuator system contains an electrode, which is an electrochemical capacitor, and which consists of both a faradaic capacitor (FC) and a small electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), i.e., PEDOT:PSS. This combined capacitor plays the role of an FC and a base polymer, and the CNF skeleton is used in the place of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This device therefore functions differently from traditional CNT/PVdF-HFP/IL actuators, which are only used as EDLC units and from PEDOT:PSS/vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCF)/IL actuators, which are used as hybrid (FC and EDLC) units. The developed films are novel, robust, and flexible, and demonstrate potential as actuator materials for wearable energy-conversion devices. A double-layer charging kinetic model, which is similar to that previously proposed for PEDOT:PSS/CNT/IL actuators, is developed to explain the oxidation and reduction of PEDOT:PSS. This model successfully simulates the frequency-dependent displacement response of actuators.

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Influence of residual sodium ions on the structure and properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate).

Project description:Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising conducting polymer in terms of its applicability to transparent and flexible electronic devices. Generally, a negatively charged PSS chain can interact with alkali metal cations like sodium and potassium. During polymerization, these ions, especially sodium ions, remain in an aqueous state and affect particle formation. This paper describes the effect of residual sodium ions on the synthesis of PEDOT:PSS and its electrical and optical properties. Removing the sodium ions weakens the coulombic interaction between the PEDOT and PSS chains, which leads to a linear conformation. This conformational change enhances the electrical conductivity and work function. Furthermore, transmittance in the visible region increased remarkably because the intrinsic electrical properties of the PEDOT:PSS particles were improved. Moreover, the colloidal stability was enhanced because the particle coagulation caused by residual sodium ions was reduced. In summary, we determined that sodium ions in PEDOT:PSS have a considerable influence on its electrical and optical properties and colloidal stability for practical applications.

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Performance enhancement of PEDOT:poly(4-styrenesulfonate) actuators by using ethylene glycol.

Project description:This paper describes the effect of ethylene glycol on the performance of actuators with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)/vapor-grown carbon fiber/ionic liquid/ethylene glycol (PEDOT:PSS/VGCF/IL/EG) structures. These devices exhibit superior strain performances compared to devices using PEDOT:PSS/VGCF/IL. EG is assumed to assist in the formation of three-dimensional conducting networks between small PEDOT:PSS domains. This is because it helps to remove insulating PSS from the surface of the PEDOT/PSS grains and facilitates the crystallization of PEDOT. Therefore, EG helps to increase the specific capacitance, strain, and maximum generated stress compared to the values obtained using a PEDOT:PSS/VGCF/IL actuator. Therefore, these new, flexible, and robust films may have significant potential for their use as actuator materials in wearable energy conversion devices. A double-layer charging kinetic model was developed to account for the oxidation and reduction reactions of PEDOT:PSS, and this model is similar to that proposed for PEDOT:PSS/VGCF/IL/EG actuators. This model was successfully applied to simulate the frequency-dependent displacement responses of the actuators.

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Electrochemically Prepared Polyaniline as an Alternative to Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Project description:The goal of this work is to substitute the conventional

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Effect of HDI-Modified GO on the Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Films.

Project description:Composite films based on conducting polymers and carbon nanomaterials have attracted much attention for applications in various devices, such as chemical sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), among others. Graphene oxide (GO) is an ideal filler for polymeric matrices due to its unique properties. However, GO needs to be functionalized to improve its solubility in common solvents and enable the processing by low-cost solution deposition methods. In this work, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-modified GO and its nanocomposites with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were developed, and their morphology, thermal, electrical, thermoelectrical and mechanical performance were characterized. The influence of the HDI functionalization degree and concentration on the nanocomposite properties were assessed. The HDI-GO increased the crystallinity, lamella stacking and interchain coupling of PEDOT:PSS chains. A strong improvement in electrical conductivity, thermal stability, Young's modulus and tensile strength was found, showing an optimum combination at 2 wt% loading. Drop and spin casting techniques were applied onto different substrates, and the results from deposition tests were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. A number of parameters influencing the depositions process, namely solvent nature, sonication conditions and ozone plasma treatment, have been explored. This study paves the way for further research on conducting polymer/modified GO nanocomposites to optimize their composition and properties (i.e., transparency) for use in devices such as OSCs.

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Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation.

Project description:The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used in a manifold of electronic applications, and controlling its conductivity is often the key to attain a superior device performance. To that end, solvent additives like Triton, ethylene glycol (EG), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are regularly incorporated. In our comprehensive study, we prepare PEDOT:PSS thin films with seven different additive combinations and with thicknesses ranging from 6 to 300 nm on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates. We utilize X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to access the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio and the PSS--to-PSSH ratio in the near-surface region and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to get the work function (WF). In addition, the morphology and conductivity of these samples are obtained. We found that the WF of the prepared thin films for each combination becomes saturated at a thickness of around 50 nm and thinner films show a lower WF due to the inferior coverage on the ITO. Furthermore, the WF shows a better correlation with the PSS--to-PSSH ratio than the commonly used PSS-to-PEDOT ratio as PSS- can directly affect the surface dipole. By adding solvent additives, a dramatic increase in the conductivity is observed for all PEDOT:PSS films, especially when DMSO is involved. Moreover, adding the additive Triton (surfactant) helps to suppress the WF fluctuation for most films of each additive combination and contributes to weaken the surface dipole, eventually leading to a lower and thickness-independent WF.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as an insulin carrier in silk fibroin hydrogels for transdermal delivery via iontophoresis† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06857a

Project description: Not available

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Electroactive poly(sulfobetaine-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PSBEDOT) with controllable antifouling and antimicrobial properties.

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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-N-Doped Graphene/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanohybrid for Electrochemical Application in Intelligent Sensors and Supercapacitors.

Project description:In this study, we reported the preparation of a conducting polymeric/inorganic nanohybrid consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), N-doped graphene (NGr), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and its electrochemical application in intelligent sensors and supercapacitors. The multilayer thin film of the PEDOT:PSS-supported MWCNT-NGr nanohybrid was prepared by a facile layer-by-layer assembly strategy. The obtained conducting polymeric/inorganic nanohybrid modified electrode displayed superior electron transfer ability and a high specific surface area, which was used for electrochemical applications in intelligent sensors and supercapacitors. Remarkably, the fabricated amaranth sensor exhibited a broad linear range of 0.05-10 μM with a limit of detection of 0.015 μM under the optimal conditions. With the help of the response surface methodology, multivariate optimization was used as a substitute for the traditional single variable optimization to reflect the complete real effects of multivariate optimization in a sensing platform. Machine learning implemented by hybrid genetic algorithm-artificial neural network was used as an intelligent analysis model to replace the traditional regression analysis model for realizing intelligent analysis and output of sensing system. The MWCNT-NGr/PEDOT:PSS modified electrode exhibited a considerable specific capacitance of 6.5 mF cm-2 at a current density of 2.0 mA cm-2. The proposed results provided a new thought for a nanosensing platform equipped with a supercapacitor as a self-powered electrochemical energy storage system and machine learning as an intelligent analysis and output system in the near future.

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Hydrophobic dual-polymer–reinforced graphene composite aerogel for efficient water–oil separation† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra06747a

Project description: Not available

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