Adsorption of phosphate over a novel magnesium-loaded sludge-based biochar
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11020854 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Herein, Mg/Al-loaded sludge-based biochar was prepared via electro-assisted impregnation. The structure and chemical analysis of modified sludge-based biochar (MgSBC-0.5(@Al) showed that the material was loaded with MgO and Al2O3. The specific surface area of MgSBC-0.5(@Al) was 11.27 times higher than that of unmodified sludge-based biochar (SBC). The simultaneous adsorption performance of MgSBC-0.5(@Al for ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO43--P) was studied. The maximum adsorption capacities of MgSBC-0.5(@Al for NH4+-N and PO43--P at 298 K were 65.19 and 92.10 mg·g-1, respectively, 4.45 and 6.28 times higher than those of SBC. The external and internal elemental compositions of the modified and unmodified biochar specimens were quantitatively characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results emphasized the importance of Mg-loading for NH4+-N and PO43--P capture. MgO was mainly loaded on the surface of biochar, enabling adsorption through chemical reactions. Analysis showed that the adsorption of NH4+-N and PO43--P on the modified biochar proceeded simultaneously through multiple mechanisms. Particularly, the adsorption of NH4+-N and PO43--P occurred through the precipitation of struvite and physical adsorption, with PO43--P also adsorbed through the formation of MgHPO4 and CaHPO4. Other data indicated that Al, Ca, and Fe had a trapping effect on the adsorbate. Importantly, the biochar after adsorption could be used as a soil amendment.
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Project description:Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient necessary for agricultural production and a potential originator for eutrophication in water bodies, resulting in qualitative changes; it may also affect the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In addition, as a finite resource, the importance of studying strategies to remove it from water is evident, thus making possible its recycling. Many studies have used powdered materials, including biochars, for P water decontamination; however, the difficulty of separating and collecting these materials from water after adsorption may be difficult. Therefore, using hybrid materials in which the fine particles (powder) are impregnated into larger, solid particles by means of a polymeric host can facilitate collection and reuse after P adsorption. In this context, this study aimed the synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid film formed by the biopolymer cellulose acetate (CA) and biochar (FAC-B) for P adsorption in aqueous solution. We obtained biochar from the pyrolysis of carrot residue (Daucus carota L.) and doped it with magnesium. As a biodegradable polymer and the most abundant natural polysaccharide in the environment, using CA as a biochar support material is an environmentally friendly alternative. We prepared the CA film with the casting method, and the biochar was inserted into the filmogenic solution in the same amount as the CA. The film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region with an attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR) accessory, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). We evaluated the thickness, weight, density, H2O uptake and H2O solubility of the produced FAC-B. The maximum adsorption capacity of P by FAC-B was 21.57 mg g-1, in agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption value suggests that the film has the potential to be used as an efficient P adsorbent in water.
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Project description:The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge biochar on adsorption and mobility of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Biochar (BC400) was produced via pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge at 400 °C. Maximum adsorption capacities (qm) for Zn, Cr, Mn, and Cu were 5.905, 5.724, 5.681, and 5.342 mg·g-1, respectively, in the mono-metal solution and 2.475, 8.204, 1.01, and 5.415 mg·g-1, respectively, in the multi-metal solution. The adsorption capacities for Mn, Cu, and Zn decreased in the multi-metal solution due to competitive adsorption, whereas the capacity for Cr increased. Surface precipitation is an important mechanism in the sorption of these metals on BC400. The 360-day incubation experiment showed that BC400 application reduced metal mobility in contaminated soils, which was attributed to the substantial decreases in the acid-soluble fractions of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn (72.20%, 70.38%, 50.43%, and 29.78%, respectively). Furthermore, the leaching experiment using simulated acid rain indicated that the addition of BC400 enhanced the acid buffer capacity of contaminated soil, and the concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the leachate was lower than in untreated soil. Overall, this study indicates that sewage sludge biochar application reduces the mobility of heavy metal in co-contaminated soil, and this adsorption experiment is suitable for the evaluation of biochar properties for remediation.
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Project description:Sludge biochar loaded with Fe-Mn oxides (FMBC) was prepared and employed to remove Cr(vi) from wastewater. The influences of solution pH, co-existing ion, contact time, adsorption temperature and Cd(vi) concentrations on removing Cr(vi) by FMBC were investigated. The Cr(vi) adsorption on FMBC had strong pH dependence. Additionally, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SiO32-, NO3- and Cl- ions exhibited no influence on Cr(vi) removal efficiency for FMBC, whereas there were inhibition effects of Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- on removing Cr(vi). The Cr(vi) adsorption from solution for FMBC was well described by models of pseudo-second-order and Langmuir, and the largest Cr(vi) removal capacity of FMBC reached 172.3 mg g-1. FMBC had good capacity for treating electroplating wastewater and mineral dissolving wastewater containing Cr(vi). After five regenerations, the 50 and 5 mg L-1 Cr(vi) removing efficiency of FMBC was 82.34% and 97.68%, respectively. The Cr(vi) removal for FMBC involved adsorption-reduction and re-adsorption of Cr(iii) generated by reduction. These results indicated that FMBC has good prospects for remediating Cr(vi)-containing wastewater.
| S-EPMC11009720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biochar application in agricultural soil for environmental remediation has received increasing attention, however, few studies are focused on sewage sludge based biochar. The present study evaluated the effect of raw sewage sludge and sewage sludge based biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (100-700 °C) on the adsorption-desorption of carbendazim in soil. Sewage sludge derived biochar significantly enhanced the sorption affinity and limited the desorption capacity of the soil for carbendazim. A maximum removal efficiency of 98.9% and a greatest value of 144.05 ± 0.32 μg g-1 sorption capacity occurred in soil amended with biochar pyrolyzed at 700 °C (BC700). As the pyrolysis temperature and the amendment rate of biochars increased, the sorption of carbendazim was promoted and desorption was further inhibited. The adsorption-desorption hysteresis index of carbendazim was consistently higher in soils amended with biochars (>0.85) than in the unamended soil (0.42-0.68), implying that carbendazim could be immobilized in soil amended with sewage sludge derived biochars. The partition effect was dominant in the sorption process for carbendazim in the biochar-soil mixtures. This study will be helpful for the disposal of sewage sludge and its utilization, and it is the first report for the study the sorption-desorption process of carbendazim in soil amended with sewage sludge derived biochar. Furthermore, these findings may be also useful for understanding the distribution and transport of carbendazim in the environment and will be of great significance in remediation strategies for contaminated soil.
| S-EPMC9074120 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of the study was to evaluate the application of biochar (BC) to the sewage sludge (SL) on the adsorption and desorption capacity of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II). The effect of biochar contribution in the sewage sludge (2.5, 5 and 10%) was investigated. The isotherms data were fitted to the Langmiur (LM), Freundlich (FM) and Temkin (TM) models. The best fitting for kinetic study was obtained for the pseudo-second-order equation. The best fitting of the experimental data was observed for the LM in the case of SL and BC, and for the FM in the case of SL- and SL/BC-amended soil. SL was characterized by even four-order higher sorption capacity than BC. The addition of the BC to the SL and next to the soil increased the adsorption capacity of the soil and the SL-amended soil. In the case of all investigated potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the highest adsorption capacity was achieved for SL-amended soil in comparison with the control soil. In the case of other experimental variants, the adsorption capacity of metal ions was as follows: 2.5% BC > 5.0% BC > 10% BC. The negative correlation between hydrated radius of metal ions and the kinetics of sorption was observed. However, the desorption of PTEs from BC/SL-amended soil was significantly lower than for SL-amended soil (except of Cd) and non-amended soil. It can be concluded that the addition of the biochar enhanced the immobilization of PTEs and reduced their bioavailability and mobility in the soil amended by the sewage sludge.
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Project description:Although ball milling is effective for biochar modification with metal oxides for efficient phosphate removal, the recyclability of the adsorbent as well as the precursors for modification, still need to be optimized. Herein, a magnesium-modified biochar was first prepared with the precursor of MgCl2·6H2O through the solvent-free ball milling method. After that, recyclable biochar beads were fabricated with the introduction of sodium alginate and Fe3O4. The beads were proved to have excellent adsorption performance for phosphate with a saturated capacity of 53.2 mg g-1, which is over 12 times higher than that of pristine biochar beads. Although the particle size reduction, surface area, and O-containing group increments after milling are beneficial for adsorption, the remarkable promotion in performance should mainly result from the appropriate formation of magniferous crystals on biochar, which greatly accelerates the electrostatic interactions as well as precipitation for adsorption. The beads also exhibited excellent magnetism-driven recyclability, which greatly avoids secondary contamination and broadens the application field of the adsorbent.
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Project description:Lanthanun oxide (La2O3) is a lanthanum chemical compound incorporates a sensible anionic complexing ability; however, it lacks stability at a low pH scale. Biochar fibers will give the benefit of their massive space and plethoric uses on the surface to support a metal chemical compound. Herein, wet spinning technology was used to load La3+ onto sodium alginate fiber, and to convert La3+ into La2O3 through carbonization. The La2O3-modified biochar (La-BC) fiber was characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS, etc. An adsorption experiment proved that La-BC showed an excellent adsorption capacity for chromates, and its saturation adsorption capacity was about 104.9 mg/g. The information suggested that the adsorption was in step with both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, following pseudo-second-order surface assimilation mechanics, which showed that the Cr (VI) adsorption was characterized by single-phase and polyphase adsorption, mainly chemical adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters proved that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The mechanistic investigation revealed that the mechanism of the adsorption of Cr (VI) by La-BC may include electrostatic interaction, ligand exchange, or complexation. Moreover, the co-existing anions and regeneration experiments proved that the La-BC is recyclable and has good prospects in the field of chrome-containing wastewater removal.
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Project description:A series of the magnetic CuFe2O4-loaded corncob biochar (CuFe2O4@CCBC) materials was obtained by combining the two-step impregnation of the corncob biochar with the pyrolysis of oxalate. CuFe2O4@CCBC and the pristine corncob biochar (CCBC) were characterized using XRD, SEM, VSM, BET, as well as pHZPC measurements. The results revealed that CuFe2O4 had a face-centered cubic crystalline phase and was homogeneously coated on the surface of CCBC. The as-prepared CuFe2O4@CCBC(5%) demonstrated a specific surface area of 74.98 m2·g-1, saturation magnetization of 5.75 emu·g-1 and pHZPC of 7.0. The adsorption dynamics and thermodynamic behavior of Pb(II) on CuFe2O4@CCBC and CCBC were investigated. The findings indicated that the pseudo-second kinetic and Langmuir equations suitably fitted the Pb(II) adsorption by CuFe2O4@CCBC or CCBC. At 30 °C and pH = 5.0, CuFe2O4@CCBC(5%) displayed an excellent performance in terms of the process rate and adsorption capacity towards Pb(II), for which the theoretical rate constant (k2) and maximum adsorption capacity (qm) were 7.68 × 10-3 g·mg-1··min-1 and 132.10 mg·g-1 separately, which were obviously higher than those of CCBC (4.38 × 10-3 g·mg-1·min-1 and 15.66 mg·g-1). The thermodynamic analyses exhibited that the adsorption reaction of the materials was endothermic and entropy-driven. The XPS and FTIR results revealed that the removal mechanism could be mainly attributed to the replacement of Pb2+ for H+ in Fe/Cu-OH and -COOH to form the inner surface complexes. Overall, the magnetic CuFe2O4-loaded biochar presents a high potential for use as an eco-friendly adsorbent to eliminate the heavy metals from the wastewater streams.
| S-EPMC7435881 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biochars with a high affinity for phosphorus (P) are promising soil amendments for reducing P in agricultural run-off. Poultry litter (PL) is an abundant biochar feedstock. However, PL-derived biochars are typically high in soluble P and therefore require chemical modification to become effective P sorbents. This study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg) activation on extractable P (EP) and P sorption capacities of PL-derived biochars. Biochar was produced at 500-900 °C from PL activated with 0-1 M Mg. Three differentially aged PL feedstocks were evaluated (1-, 3-5-, and 7-9-year-old). Increased Mg activation level and pyrolysis temperature both resulted in EP reductions from the biochars. Specifically, biochars produced at temperatures ≥ 700 °C from PL activated with ≥ 0.25 M Mg had negligible EP. X-ray diffractograms indicated that increased Mg loading favored the formation of stable Mg3(PO4)2 phases while increasing temperature favored the formation of both Mg3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH. Maximum P sorption capacities (Pmax) of the biochars were estimated by fitting Langmuir isotherms to batch sorption data and ranged from 0.66-10.35 mg g-1. Average Pmax values were not affected by PL age or pyrolysis temperature; however, biochars produced from 1 M Mg-activated PL did have significantly higher average Pmax values (p < 0.05), likely due to a greater abundance of MgO. Overall, the results demonstrated that Mg activation is an effective strategy for producing PL-derived biochars with the potential ability to reduce P loading into environmentally sensitive ecosystems.
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