On the potential of vehicle-to-grid and second-life batteries to provide energy and material security.

ABSTRACT: The global energy transition relies increasingly on lithium-ion batteries for electric transportation and renewable energy integration. Given the highly concentrated supply chain of battery materials, importing regions have a strategic imperative to reduce their reliance on battery material imports through, e.g., battery recycling or reuse. We investigate the potential of vehicle-to-grid and second-life batteries to reduce resource use by displacing new stationary batteries dedicated to grid storage. Based on dynamic material flow analysis, we show that equipping around 50% of electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid or reusing 40% of electric vehicle batteries for second life each have the potential to fully cover the European Union's need for stationary storage by 2040. This could reduce t

SUBMITTER: Aguilar Lopez F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11099178 | biostudies-literature | 2024 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature