Coronary heart disease risk factors vary among south asian groups
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC1116303 | biostudies-literature | 1999 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Coronary heart disease risk factors vary among south asian groups
BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 19990701 7204
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Project description:This systematic review provides a qualitative summary of the risk factors, angiographic characteristics, treatment, and complications of young South Asians with coronary artery disease (CAD). PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched to identify research articles published between 1 January 2010 and 13 November 2022. Studies in patients aged 18 to 45 years that were conducted in South Asian countries, were published in the English language, and included information on patients' clinical profiles and at least two risk factors for young CAD were included in the review. Smoking, dyslipidemia, high body mass index, increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hyperhomocysteinemia were observed in high proportions in young patients with CAD. Single-vessel disease was more common than multi-vessel disease in young CAD. The complications of CAD such as arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and heart failure were also commonly observed in young patients. Large-scale health promotion activities that curb modifiable risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle should be conducted in South Asian countries.
| S-EPMC10413899 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives The 2018 and 2019 U.S. guidelines for the management of cholesterol and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) recommend consideration of cardiovascular risk-enhancing factors (REFs), including South Asian ancestry, to refine ASCVD risk estimation. However, the associations of REFs with atherosclerosis are unclear in South Asian American adults, who have a disproportionately elevated premature coronary heart disease risk. In the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort, we investigated associations of individual REFs, or the number of REFs, with coronary artery calcium (CAC). Methods Using baseline and follow-up data from MASALA, we evaluated the association of REFs (family history of ASCVD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥175 mg/dL, lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] ≥2.0 mg/dL, ankle-brachial index <0.9, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome), individually and combined, with baseline prevalent CAC, any CAC progression (including incident CAC and CAC progression), and annual CAC progression rates using multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models. Results Among 866 adults, mean age was 55 [SD 9] years and 47% were female. There were no significant associations of REFs with baseline prevalent CAC or any CAC progression (incident CAC and CAC progression at Exam 2) after adjustment. Among the 56% of participants who had any CAC progression, having 3+ REFs was associated with a significantly higher annual CAC progression rate (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 1.94, 95% CI 1.39–2.72) vs. having 0 REFs. The annual CAC progression rate was 20% higher per additional REF (aRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09–1.32). Findings were similar after excluding statin users, and among those with low 10-year ASCVD risk (<5%). Conclusions Among South Asian American adults, we found no association of REFs with prevalent CAC at baseline or having any CAC progression. Among those with any CAC progression, a higher number of REFs was associated with higher annual CAC progression rates.
| S-EPMC9830105 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesCardiometabolic diseases are increasing disproportionately in South Asia compared with other regions of the world despite high levels of vegetarianism. This unexpected discordance may be explained by differences in the healthfulness of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets in South Asia compared with the United States. The aim of this study was to compare the food group intake of vegetarians with non-vegetarians in South Asia and the United States and to evaluate associations between vegetarianism and cardiometabolic disease risk factors (overweight/obesity, central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, high triacylglycerols, high low-density lipoprotein, low high-density lipoprotein, and high Framingham Heart Score).MethodsUsing cross-sectional data from adults (age 20-69 y) in South Asia (Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia [CARRS] 2010-2011; N = 15 665) and the United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006; N = 2159), adherence to a vegetarian diet was assessed using food propensity questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and predicted margins (e.g., adjusted prevalence of the outcomes).ResultsOne-third (33%; n = 4968) of adults in the South Asian sample were vegetarian compared with only 2.4% (n = 59) in the US sample. Among South Asians, vegetarians more frequently ate dairy, legumes, vegetables, fruit, desserts, and fried foods than non-vegitarians (all P < 0.05). Among Americans, vegetarians more frequently ate legumes, fruit, and whole grains, and less frequently ate refined cereals, desserts, fried foods, fruit juice, and soft drinks than non-vegetarians (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders (age, sex, education, tobacco, alcohol, and also city in CARRS), South Asian vegetarians were slightly less frequently overweight/obese compared with non-vegetarians: 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45%-53%) versus 53% (95% CI, 51%-56%), respectively; whereas US vegetarians were considerably less frequently overweight/obese compared with non-vegetarians: 48% (95% CI, 32%-63%) versus 68% (95% CI, 65%-70%), respectively. Furthermore, US vegetarians were less likely to exhibit central obesity than non-vegetarians: 62% (95% CI, 43%-78%) versus 78% (95% CI, 76%-80%), respectively.ConclusionsThere is greater divergence between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets in the United States than in South Asia, and US vegetarians have more consistently healthier food group intakes than South Asian vegetarians. Vegetarians in both populations have a lower probability of overweight/obesity compared with non-vegetarians. The strength of this association may be stronger for US vegetarian diets, which were also protective against central obesity.
| S-EPMC4967403 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to identify the synergistic effect of microRNA expression with classical risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to explore their diagnostic value for coronary stenotic lesions in subjects with CHD. Plasma samples were obtained from 66 subjects with CHD and from 58 control individuals. A quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was conducted to confirm the relative expressions of the known CHD-related miRNAs. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was based on the Gensini scoring system. The expression of miR-125b in plasma of the CHD group was lower than that of the non-CHD group (0.14 ± 0.09 vs. 0.18 ± 0.10, p = 0.055), and the miR-125b levels significantly decreased following an increasing Gensini score (P = 0.037). Spearman correlation analyses indicated the Gensini score was negatively associated with miR-125b (r = -0.215, p = 0.017). Of all the miRNAs, miR-125b showed the lowest AUC (0.405; 95% CI: 0.305 ~ 0.506, p = 0.070). We found several synergistic effects between miR-125b and classical risk factors, such as age, sex, CR, FBG and HDL-C; the proportion of CHD attributable to the interaction of miR-125b and age was as high as 80%. Therefore, miR-125b was shown to play an important role in individual's susceptibility to developing CHD.
| S-EPMC4597355 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundAssessing multiple traditional risk factors improves prediction for late-life diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD). It appears that non-traditional risk factors can also predict risk. The objective was to investigate contributions of non-traditional risk factors to coronary heart disease risk using a deficit accumulation approach.MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults with no known history of CHD (n = 2195, mean age 46.9±18.7 years, 51.8% women) participated in the 1995 Nova Scotia Health Survey. Three risk factor indices were constructed to quantify the proportion of deficits present in individuals: 1) a 17-item Non-Traditional Risk Factor Index (e.g. sinusitis, arthritis); 2) a 9-item Traditional Risk Factor Index (e.g. hypertension, diabetes); and 3) a frailty index (25 items combined from the other two index measures). Ten-year risks of CHD events (defined as CHD-related hospitalization and CHD-related mortality) were evaluated.ResultsThe Non-Traditional Risk Factor Index, made up of health deficits unrelated to CHD, was independently associated with incident CHD events over 10 years after controlling for age, sex, and the Traditional Risk Factor Index [adjusted {adj.} Hazard Ratio {HR} = 1.31; Confidence Interval {CI} 1.14-1.51]. When all health deficits, both those related and unrelated to CHD, were included in a frailty index the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio was 1.61; CI 1.40-1.85.ConclusionBoth traditional and non-traditional risk factor indices are independently associated with incident CHD events. CHD risk assessment may benefit from consideration of general health information as well as from traditional risk factors.
| S-EPMC3953643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most pressing health problems of our time and a major cause of preventable death. CHD results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Using multiplex serological testing for persistent or frequently recurring infections and genome-wide analysis in a prospective population study, we delineate the respective and combined influences of genetic variation, infections, and low-grade inflammation on the risk of incident CHD. Study participants are enrolled in the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, a longitudinal, population-based cohort with baseline assessments from 2003 through 2008 and follow-up visits every 5 years. We analyzed a subgroup of 3459 individuals with available genome-wide genotyping data and immunoglobulin G levels for 22 persistent or frequently recurring pathogens. All reported CHD events were evaluated by a panel of specialists. We identified independent associations with incident CHD using univariable and multivariable stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Of the 3459 study participants, 210 (6.07%) had at least one CHD event during the 12 years of follow-up. Multivariable stepwise Cox regression analysis, adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic status, and statin intake, revealed that high polygenic risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.56, p=2.64 × 10-3) and infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.08-2.45, p=1.99 × 10-2) were independently associated with incident CHD. In a prospective, population-based cohort, high polygenic risk and infection with F. nucleatum have a small, yet independent impact on CHD risk.
| S-EPMC9928420 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry (DIHRMS) is a novel, high-throughput approach to rapidly and accurately profile hundreds of lipids in human serum without prior chromatography, facilitating in-depth lipid phenotyping for large epidemiological studies to reveal the detailed associations of individual lipids with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Intact lipid profiling by DIHRMS was performed on 5662 serum samples from healthy participants in the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS). We developed a novel semi-targeted peak-picking algorithm to detect mass-to-charge ratios in positive and negative ionization modes. We analyzed lipid partial correlations, assessed the association of lipid principal components with established CHD risk factors and genetic variants, and examined differences between lipids for a common genetic polymorphism. The DIHRMS method provided information on 360 lipids (including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterol lipids), with a median coefficient of variation of 11.6% (range: 5.4-51.9). The lipids were highly correlated and exhibited a range of associations with clinical chemistry biomarkers and lifestyle factors. This platform can provide many novel insights into the effects of physiology and lifestyle on lipid metabolism, genetic determinants of lipids, and the relationship between individual lipids and CHD risk factors.
2024-02-02 | MTBLS4461 | MetaboLights
Project description:South Asians (SAs) are at heightened risk for cardiovascular disease as compared to other ethnic groups, facing premature and more severe coronary artery disease, and decreased insulin sensitivity. This disease burden can only be partially explained by conventional risk factors, suggesting the need for a specific cardiovascular risk profile for SAs. Current research, as explored through a comprehensive literature review, suggests the existence of population specific genetic risk factors such as lipoprotein(a), as well as population specific gene modulating factors. This review catalogues the available research on cardiovascular disease and genetics, anthropometry, and pathophysiology, and cancer genetics among SAs, with a geographical focus on the U.S. A tailored risk profile will hinge upon population customized classification and treatment guidelines, informed by continued research.
| S-EPMC6777562 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex disease caused by multi-factors and a major threat to human health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have critical roles in various biological processes and diseases. This study explores the independent role of circRNAs and their interaction with environmental factors in CHD. METHODS:A case-control study was conducted from March 2015 to September 2017 in Fuzhou, China. A total of 585 CHD patients and 585 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Questionnaire survey, health examination and molecular biology laboratory testing were conducted. Microarray technology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to profile the expression levels of circRNAs. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the diagnostic cut-offs. Multivariate logistic regression and multiplicative analysis were used to analyse the effects of environmental factors and hsa_circ_0008507, hsa_circ_0001946, hsa_circ_0000284 and hsa_circ_0125589 on CHD. RESULTS:The expression profile of circRNAs showed that 3423 circRNAs were differentially expressed at P < 0.05, but none pass multiple testing correction. qRT-PCR further confirmed the expression levels of hsa_circ_0008507, hsa_circ_0001946 and hsa_circ_0000284 in peripheral blood leukocytes in CHD cases were higher than those in non-CHD subjects (All p < 0.05). Hsa_circ_0008507 (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11-1.50), hsa_circ_0001946 (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42) and hsa_circ_0000284 (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.32-3.19) were independent risk factors for CHD after controlling other common environmental risk factors. The AUC for hsa_circ_0008507, hsa_circ_0001946 and hsa_circ_0000284 was 0.75, 0.71 and 0.68, respectively. Compared with non-smoking individuals with low hsa_circ_0008507 expression, the smokers with high hsa_circ_0008507 expression showed the highest magnitude of OR in CHD risk. Additionally, a statistically significant multiplicative interaction was found between hsa_circ_0008507 and smoking for CHD. CONCLUSIONS:Hsa_circ_0008507, hsa_circ_0001946 and hsa_circ_0000284 were closely related to the occurrence and development of CHD. The combination of smoking and high hsa_circ_0008507 expression causes the occurrence and development of CHD.
| S-EPMC6796436 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsCirculating dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) was identified as a novel metabolite related to cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic abnormalities. Circulating DMGV levels are subjective to dietary modulation; however, studies on its associations with intakes of coronary heart disease (CHD)-related foods/nutrients are limited. We investigated whether plasma DMGV was related to risk of incident CHD. We tested associations of DMGV with CHD-related dietary intakes measured by 7-day dietary records and estimated corresponding disease risk.Methods and resultsThis nested case-control study on the incidence of CHD included 1520 women (760 incident cases of fatal CHD and nonfatal myocardial infarction and 760 controls) from the Nurses' Health Study. Separately, plasma DMGV and CHD-related dietary intakes and cardiometabolic abnormalities were assessed in the Women's Lifestyle Validation Study (WLVS; n = 724). Higher plasma DMGV was related to a greater risk of CHD [relative risk (RR) per 1 SD, 1.26 (95% CI 1.13, 1.40); P-for-linearity = 0.006]. Greater intakes of sodium, energy-dense foods, and processed/red meat were related to higher DMGV levels; every 1 SD intake of sodium was associated with β 0.13 (SE 0.05; P = 0.007) for DMGV Z-scores, which corresponded to a RR of 1.031 (1.016, 1.046) for CHD. High DMGV (the top quartile, Q4) showed a significant RR of 1.60 (1.17, 2.18) after adjusting for diet and lifestyle factors; the RR further adjusting for obesity and hypertension was 1.29 (0.93, 1.79) as compared with the lowest quartile. In both cohorts, greater adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic factor status were significantly related to higher DMGV levels.ConclusionHigher levels of plasma DMGV, a metabolite reflecting unfavourable CHD-related dietary intakes, were associated with an increased risk of CHD. The unfavourable association was attenuated by cardiometabolic risk factor status. Our study underscores the potential importance of plasma DMGV as an early biomarker associated with diet and the long-term risk of CHD among women.
| S-EPMC11646101 | biostudies-literature