Catalytic Upgrading of a Mixed Hydroxy Acid Feedstock Derived from Kraft Black Liquor.

ABSTRACT: Lignocellulosic feedstocks are widely studied for sustainable liquid fuel and chemical production. The pulp and paper industry generates large amounts of kraft black liquor (BL) from which a high volume of hydroxy acids (HAs) can be separated for further catalytic processing. Here, we explore the catalytic upgrading of HAs, including the conversion of (1) a model HA, gluconic acid; (2) a model mixture of HAs, and (3) a real mixture of HAs derived from kraft BL on M/Nb₂O₅ (M = Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru). The hydrodeoxygenation of model gluconic acid reveals that "volatile" carboxylic acids (mainly C₂ and C₃), levulinic acid, and cyclic esters are significant products over all the catalysts, with Pd/Nb₂O₅ showing superior activity an

SUBMITTER: Ojelade OA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11191363 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature