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Yoctonewton force detection based on optically levitated oscillator.

ABSTRACT: Optically levitated oscillators in high vacuum have excellent environmental isolation and low mass compared with conventional solid-state sensors, which makes them suitable for ultrasensitive force detection. The force resolution usually scales with the measurement bandwidth, which represents the ultimate detection capability of the system under ideal conditions if sufficient time is provided for measurement. However, considering the stability of a real system, a method based on the Allan variance is more reliable to evaluate the actual force detection performance. In this study, a levitated optomechanical system with a force detection sensitivity of 6.33 ± 1.62 zN/Hz^1/2 was demonstrated. And for the first time, the Allan variance was introduced to evaluate the system stability due to the force sensitivity fluctuations. The force detection resolution of 166.40 ± 55.48 yN was reached at the optimal measurement time of 2751 s. The system demonstrated in this work has the best force detection performance in both sensitivity and resolution that have been reported so far for optically levitated particles. The reported high-sensitivity force detection system is an excellent candidate for the exploration of new physics such as fifth force searching, high-frequency gravitational waves detection, dark matter research and so on.

SUBMITTER: Liang T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11197508 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Yoctonewton force detection based on optically levitated oscillator.

Liang Tao T Zhu Shaochong S He Peitong P Chen Zhiming Z Wang Yingying Y Li Cuihong C Fu Zhenhai Z Gao Xiaowen X Chen Xinfan X Li Nan N Zhu Qi Q Hu Huizhu H

Fundamental research 20221014 1

Optically levitated oscillators in high vacuum have excellent environmental isolation and low mass compared with conventional solid-state sensors, which makes them suitable for ultrasensitive force detection. The force resolution usually scales with the measurement bandwidth, which represents the ultimate detection capability of the system under ideal conditions if sufficient time is provided for measurement. However, considering the stability of a real system, a method based on the Allan varian ...[more]

PMID: 38933574

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Project description:Presented is a polarizable force field based on a classical Drude oscillator framework, currently implemented in the programs CHARMM and NAMD, for modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of peptides and proteins. Building upon parameters for model compounds representative of the functional groups in proteins, the development of the force field focused on the optimization of the parameters for the polypeptide backbone and the connectivity between the backbone and side chains. Optimization of the backbone electrostatic parameters targeted quantum mechanical conformational energies, interactions with water, molecular dipole moments and polarizabilities and experimental condensed phase data for short polypeptides such as (Ala)5. Additional optimization of the backbone φ, ψ conformational preferences included adjustments of the tabulated two-dimensional spline function through the CMAP term. Validation of the model included simulations of a collection of peptides and proteins. This 1st generation polarizable model is shown to maintain the folded state of the studied systems on the 100 ns timescale in explicit solvent MD simulations. The Drude model typically yields larger RMS differences as compared to the additive CHARMM36 force field (C36) and shows additional flexibility as compared to the additive model. Comparison with NMR chemical shift data shows a small degradation of the polarizable model with respect to the additive, though the level of agreement may be considered satisfactory, while for residues shown to have significantly underestimated S2 order parameters in the additive model, improvements are calculated with the polarizable model. Analysis of dipole moments associated with the peptide backbone and tryptophan side chains show the Drude model to have significantly larger values than those present in C36, with the dipole moments of the peptide backbone enhanced to a greater extent in sheets versus helices and the dipoles of individual moieties observed to undergo significant variations during the MD simulations. Although there are still some limitations, the presented model, termed Drude-2013, is anticipated to yield a molecular picture of peptide and protein structure and function that will be of increased physical validity and internal consistency in a computationally accessible fashion.

Dataset Information

Yoctonewton force detection based on optically levitated oscillator.

Publications

Yoctonewton force detection based on optically levitated oscillator.

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