Association of Domestic Water Hardness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Cancers: Evidence from 447,996 UK Biobank Participants.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that domestic water hardness is linked to health outcomes, but its association to all-cause and cause-specific cancers warrants investigation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of domestic hard water with all-cause and cause-specific cancers.

Methods

In the prospective cohort study, a total of 447,996 participants from UK Biobank who were free of cancer at baseline were included and followed up for 16 y. All-cause and 22 common cause-specific cancer diagnoses were ascertained using hospital inpatient records and self-reported data until 30 November 2022. Domestic water hardness, measured by CaCO3 concentrations, was obtained from the local water supply companies across England, Scotland, and Wa

SUBMITTER: Yang H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11218704 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature