Project description:A new name, Piptochaetium fuscum, is provided for a taxon hitherto known as Piptochaetium setosum (Trin.) Arechav. Morphological, anatomical, and molecular studies that argue against including Piptochaetium in Stipa, and hence use of S. purpurata (Phil.) Columbus & J.P. Sm., are cited.
Project description:BACKGROUND:Spinal anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia that has been practicing for obstetric anesthesia since the beginning of the 20th century. Despite the simplicity and lower maternal mortality risk, compared to general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia is linked to different adverse effects, of which hypotension is the most common complication. The main aim of this study was to determine the incidence and associated factors of hypotension after spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. METHOD:Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 410 clients. The study was conducted on cesarean section under spinal anesthesia from 5th January to 30th April 2019, at the Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done on the associated factors. The level of statistical significance was represented at p<0.05. RESULTS:The incidence of hypotension among mothers who underwent a cesarean section after spinal anesthesia was 64%. Newborn weight ≥4kg (AOR = 5.373; 95%CI: (1.627-17.740)) showed an increase risk of association with hypotension. A baseline systolic blood pressure < 120mmHg (AOR = 6.293; (95%CI: 2.999-13.204)) was found to be associated with increased risk of hypotension. Sensory block height >T6 AOR = 2.230; 95%CI: (1.329-3.741), the time interval between spinal induction and skin incision > 6minutes AOR = 1.803; 95%CI: (1.044-3.114) and anesthetist experience AOR = 5.033(95%CI: 2.144-11.818) were also associated with hypotension. CONCLUSION:The identified risk factors for hypotension, after spinal anesthesia are sensory height block, weight of the baby, the time interval between spinal induction and skin incision, baseline systolic blood pressure, and anesthetist experience.
Project description:BackgroundEthiopia witnessed an unprecedented decline in under-5 and neonatal mortalities since 2000. But, neonatal mortality still accounts for the largest proportion of under-five child mortality. Quality of service at hospitals may vary and determine the magnitude of neonatal mortality.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal mortality among newborns Admitted to the Neonatal intensive care unit of Gandhi Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.MethodsInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 31, 2019. A sample of one in every 2 admitted patients was included in the study. our exclusion criterion was neonates who had no mothers or guardians and/or neonatal medical records incomplete for status at discharge. We used the Systematic random sampling technique to select the study participants. A pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and a preliminary tested checklist were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively. Descriptive and summary statistics were performed. A binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables that had a P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 570 neonates who have mothers were involved in the study giving a response rate of 98.8%. The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 7.7% (95% CI: 5.7, 9.8). Mothers' educational status (No education (AOR 3.37, CI 95%, 1.02-11.20), premature rupture of membrane (prolonged PROM) (AOR 5.59, CI 95%, 1.05-29.76), and birth weight less than 2500gm (AOR 3.23, CI 95%, 1.17-8.90) are the significant factors associated with neonatal mortality.ConclusionThe prevalence of neonatal mortality at Gandhi memorial hospital was generally high. As our finding revealed, neonates who are underweight and whose mothers have no formal education as well as have prolonged PROM have higher odds of neonatal mortality. Thus, clinicians, policymakers, and program managers should give special attention to neonates of none educated mothers, mothers with prolonged PROM, and neonates with low birth weight.
Project description:ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of mothers employed through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) using focus group discussions (FGDs) to understand the impact of mothers' employment on infant feeding and care. The effects of mothers' employment on nutritional status of children could be variable. It could lead to increased household income, but could also compromise child care and feeding.SettingThe study was undertaken in the Dungarpur district of Rajasthan, India.ParticipantsMothers of infants <12 months of age. Ten FGDs, two in each of the five administrative blocks of the study district were conducted. The groups were composed of a minimum of 5 and maximum of 8 participants, giving a total of 62 mothers. Thematic analysis was conducted to assess patterns and generate emergent themes.ResultsFour major themes were identified-'mothers' employment compromises infant feeding and care', 'caregivers' inability to substitute mothers' care', 'compromises related to childcare and feeding outweigh benefits from MGNREGA' and 'employment as disempowering'. Mothers felt that the comprises to infant care and feeding due to long hours of work, lack of alternative adequate care arrangements, low wages and delayed payments outweighed the benefits from the scheme.ConclusionsThis study provides an account of the trade-off between mothers' employment and child care. It provides an understanding of the household power relationships, societal and cultural factors that modulate the effects of mothers' employment. From the perspective of mothers, it helps to understand the benefits and problems related to providing employment to women with infants in the MGNREGA scheme and make a case to pursue policy changes to improve their working conditions.
Project description:Cell cycle and nuclear state imaging readouts for PC3 cells treated with ligand and ECMp combinations to explore the role of microenvironmental signals in cancer growth.