Development and validation of a scale to measure the care needs of Crohn’s disease patients: a mixed-methods study
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SUBMITTER: Chen D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11234523 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Family functioning is an important target of clinical intervention and research given its close ties with mental health outcomes of both children and adults. However, we lack family functioning measures validated for use in many low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. In this mixed-methods prospective diagnostic accuracy study, we first used formative qualitative data to develop an extensive battery of screening items to measure family functioning in Kenya. We then recruited 30 Kenyan families (N = 44 adults; 30 youth aged 8-17 years) to complete the questionnaires and participate in clinical interviews conducted by local interviewers. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were then conducted to select a subset of screening items that balanced conceptual understanding of family distress with diagnostic efficiency and accuracy to yield a brief but valid scale. The final index test consisting of 30 items correctly identified distressed families in 89% of cases according to adult-report and 76% of cases according to child-report. The optimal cutoffs are associated with estimates of sensitivity/specificity of 0.88/0.90 and 0.75/0.77 for adult-report and child-report measures, respectively. The final measure-the Family Togetherness Scale (FTS)-assesses global family functioning, including items related to family organization, emotional closeness, and communication/problem-solving. In addition to general items, the scale also includes items explicitly assessing family responses to stressors common in LMIC settings. Results establish a strong rationale for larger-scale validation studies.
| S-EPMC8217654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveQualitative studies have described girls' varying levels of confidence in managing their menstruation, with greater confidence hypothesized to positively impact health, education, and social participation outcomes. Yet, measurement of this and other psychosocial components of adolescent girls' menstrual experiences has been weak in global health research, in part due to a dearth of appropriate psychometric tools. We describe the development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26).MethodsWe conducted nine focus group discussions with girls in schools in rural and urban Bangladesh to identify tasks involved in menstrual self-care. This informed our creation of an initial pool of 50 items, which were reviewed by menstrual health experts and refined through 21 cognitive interviews with schoolgirls. Using a self-administered survey, we administered 34 refined items plus additional validation measures to a random sample of 381 post-menarcheal girls (ages 9-17) and retested a subsample of 42 girls two weeks later. We examined the measure's dimensionality using exploratory factor analysis and assessed internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity.ResultsExploratory factor analysis suggested a 26-item scale comprising three correlated sub-scales: the 17-item Menstrual Hygiene Preparation and Maintenance (α = 0.86), the 5-item Menstrual Pain Management (α = 0.87), and the 4-item Executing Stigmatized Tasks (α = 0.77). Sub-scales exhibited good temporal stability. SAMNS-26 scores correlated negatively with measures of anxiety, and girls who preferred to stay at home during their periods had lower SAMNS-26 scores than those who did not.ConclusionThe SAMNS-26 provides a reliable measure of a schoolgirl's confidence in her capabilities to address her menstrual needs. There is initial evidence to support the measure's construct validity in the Bangladesh context as indicated by its relationships with other factors in its theorized nomological network. The tool enables incorporation of self-efficacy into multivariate models for exploring the relationships among antecedents to menstrual experiences and hypothesized impacts on health, wellbeing, and education attainment. Further testing of the tool is recommended to strengthen evidence of its validity in additional contexts.
| S-EPMC9536616 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of the research was the development of a new scale for measuring the satisfaction of relational needs. In the first study, we developed 269 items based on Erskine's description of eight relational needs. Five experts evaluated the items, and then they were pilot-tested on a sample of 221 participants. Using principal component analysis, we found five components related to five relational needs: authenticity, support and protection, having an impact, shared experience, and initiative from the other. In the second study, the Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale was tested on a sample of 255 participants and further refined with the help of factor analysis. The final version of the scale consists of 20 items and measures overall relational needs satisfaction and the five dimensions of relational needs. The reliability of the overall score was excellent, while subscales had acceptable to good reliability. The relational needs satisfaction positively and significantly correlates with the secure attachment style, self-compassion, higher satisfaction with life, and better well-being. In the third study, we confirmed both the five-factor model and the hierarchical model on the sample of 354 participants. We proposed that the hierarchical model is more congruent with the theoretical model, as all five dimensions of relational needs are aspects of one general dimension of relational needs satisfaction. The scale can be used in both psychotherapy and counseling and research related to different fields of psychology.
| S-EPMC7298105 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEnsuring the wellness of older individuals with disabilities requires prioritising the care needs of their carers. However, current practice lacks validated tools to measure the needs of carers in home environments. Thus, this study aimed to create and test a questionnaire on the care needs of family carers of older people with disabilities in China.MethodsWe used a standard development process to generate the questionnaire. The pilot testing included cognitive interviews to ensure interpretation as intended. Furthermore, we used a cross-sectional study method to conveniently select 640 Chinese family carers of older people with disabilities from August 1, 2022, to June 11, 2023, for face-to-face investigation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) aided in project reduction and factor estimation, with 30 participants undergoing retest evaluations every two weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the model's structural validity, while internal consistency and retest reliability validated its accuracy.ResultsThese tests established the model: content validity, item analysis and EFA. Six factors extracted from the initial analysis explained 62.891% of the observation variance. CFA showed good model fit, and the questionnaire had good reliability and validity. The final questionnaire included 21 items focusing on six dimensions: care assistance (three items), care environment (three items), care information (three items), formal support (four items), care ability (six items) and self-development (two items).ConclusionThe care needs questionnaire effectively evaluates the needs of family carers in their caring activities.
| S-EPMC11344396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe aim of this study is to establish reliability and validity of the Diabetes Burnout Scale (DBS) among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsWe used a multi-stage, mixed methods approach to developing the DBS. First, the research team identified twenty-eight candidate items through a review of the literature and 117 qualitative narratives from adults living with T1D. Next, items were revised based on the expert (n = 20) and individual with T1D (n = 10) feedback. The resulting 18-item DBS measure along with validated measures of diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and questions related to diabetes outcomes (i.e., last reported hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and Time-in-Range [TiR]) were completed by 1099 adults with T1D across the U.S. The sample was randomly divided into two subsets (n1 = 561, n2 = 538) for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA) to determine the underlying structure of the DBS. Regression analyses examined the relationships of the DBS with self-reported glycemic control and socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsBased on the EFA three factors are identified and the DBS demonstrated strong internal consistency with Cronbach alphas (≥0.80). The validation and confirmatory analysis for the structure of the DBS provided consistent results with EFA. Higher burnout (overall DBS) was positively associated with diabetes distress (b = 0.74; p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (b = 0.61; p < 0.01). Overall DBS, however was the strongest predictor for poorer HbA1c (r2 = 0.19; p < 0.01) and lower TiR (r2 = 0.17; p < 0.01) compared to diabetes distress and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe 12-item DBS is a reliable and valid scale to measure diabetes burnout in adults with diabetes. The results provide a weak to strong degree of association between the validated DBS scale, T1-DDS and PHQ-8. The DBS can contribute to advancement of diabetes science by measuring diabetes burnout and informing clinical interventions to improve psychosocial care in individuals with diabetes.
| S-EPMC7898165 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: There is a global increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and a growing understanding that patients need to be involved in their care. Patient experience should be assessed and the information used to improve on the planning and delivery of health services. AIM: This study described the development and validation of a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) tool which is appropriate for the South African context, to assess self-reported patient experience of chronic care. SETTING: The study was conducted at four primary health care facilities in the Cape Town Metropole. METHODS: This was a validity and reliability study with multiple phases to develop and determine the psychometric properties of a novel tool. It consisted of three phases, namely: Phase 1 - Consensus Validity; Phase 2 - Face Validity; Phase 3 - Reliability. Phase 1 consisted of an expert panel reaching consensus on a draft tool. Phase 2a consisted of qualitative semi-structured interviews and cognitive interviews. Phase 3 tested the internal consistency of the tool, the time necessary to complete, as well as floor and ceiling effects with 200 questionnaires. RESULTS: The process described resulted in a final questionnaire with n = 10 items in three languages that was easily understood by patients. Internal consistency was determined with the overall Cronbach's alpha 0.86. This PREM has been named Chronic Care Assessment of Patient Experience. CONCLUSION: Using best practice guidance in tool construction and validation, we delivered a PREM with the potential to improve the quality of care from the perspective of patients. Implementation studies are now required to determine how best to use this tool in routine practice.
| S-EPMC6191762 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlthough common work conditions cannot be clearly classified as positive or negative, previous challenge-hindrance demands scales have failed to address this issue.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate scales that allow the assessment of perceived levels of challenge-hindrance demands in the nursing profession and that are in conformance with the nature of the construct.DesignThe study employed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, composed of two phases. Firstly, the qualitative method was employed to find out the common work environment that is typically linked to the job demands of nurses; new scales were generated following the results. Secondly, the quantitative method was employed to refine and assess the validity and reliability of the instruments.ParticipantsThe key informants for the interview were 11 registered nurses from seven private hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. In addition, the sample of the quantitative study, consisting of 761 Thai nurses from 16 private hospitals in Bangkok was randomly divided into three parts for different analyses (i.e., exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor and reliability analysis, and nomological validity analysis).ResultsThe findings demonstrated that the assessment of the challenge-hindrance demands consists of three parts: The amount of experience with stressors, the appraisal of challenges, and the appraisal of obstacles. The analyses led to the creation of two scales: the challenge demands scale and the hindrance demands scale, each with 14 variables and four dimensions.ConclusionsThe separation of the scales into three parts made it evident that, since job demands themselves are part of an inevitably stressful work environment, hospitals have to focus on the individual interpretation of each job demand in order to manage the burnout and engagement of nurses. In addition, the scales have potential use in studies relevant to problems encountered in the nursing profession (e.g., opting to pursue a different career).
| S-EPMC8113844 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionWith the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work was increased all over the globe. As a consequence, workers had to adapt their communication behaviors to smoothly coordinate work in their flexible teams (i.e., when team members divide work between the office and their homes). Drawing on relational coordination theory, we constructed and validated a scale to capture the most relevant team communication behaviors.MethodsWe employed interviews and focus groups to construct the scale, refined the scale based on three samples with employees working flexibly and finally validated the scale with 130 teams from diverse organizations.ResultsOur scale comprises three dimensions: focused communication, knowledge sharing and spontaneous communication. All three dimensions showed convergent validity with team planning and discriminant validity with time-spatial flexibility. Also, predictive validity with collective efficacy and team viability was achieved for focused communication and knowledge sharing. Spontaneous communication only predicted collective efficacy, but not team viability.DiscussionWe conclude that the TCS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing team communication and contribute by focusing on behaviors.
| S-EPMC9775872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo develop an individual's physical subhealth risk perception scale and evaluate its reliability and validity, so as to provide a measurement tool for individual physical health risk.MethodsA questionnaire on the perception risk of physical subhealth was developed. Using a random sampling method, 785 people in the Anhui provincial physical examination centre were selected as the research participants. Of the questionnaires returned, 770 were valid, giving an effective rate of 98%. Firstly, the Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to study the correlation of 35 items in the initial scale, and then, polychoric factor structure analysis was carried out by using the Pratt D matrix to optimize the item structure. The Cronbach'α coefficient method was used to test the internal consistency reliability, and a structural equation model was used to explore the construct validity of the scale. The discriminant validity of the scale was obtained by factor analysis. A general linear model was used to analyse the relationship between the clinical manifestations of physical subhealth and the level of risk perception, and the convergent validity of the scale was evaluated.ResultsAll the data of 35 items were significantly correlated at the 0.01 level. The correlation coefficients between a1 and a2, a3 and a4, b1 and b2, b2 and b3, c4 and c5, c5 and c6, c6 and c7, c8 and c9, d1 and d2, d2 and d3, e5 and e6, g1 and g2, g2 and g3, and g2 and g4 were greater than 0.6. The items with correlation coefficients greater than 0.6 were reduced by a Pratt D matrix. The resulting physical subhealth risk perception scale covers five factors with a total of 18 items. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the scale was 0.889, and the Cronbach'α coefficients of the five factors F1-F5 were 0.780, 0.825, 0.801, 0.736, and 0.704, respectively. Structural equation model analysis showed that χ 2/df = 3.43, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.88, NFI = 0.84, AGFI = 0.84, and CFI = 0.88. Factor analysis showed that factors F1-F5 had significant correlations (p < 0.01), and the correlation coefficients were less than the corresponding square root value of AVE. Based on the subhealth clinical manifestations of the participants, the general linear model was used to explore the convergent validity of the scale, and the results indicated that the scale passed the convergent validity test.ConclusionsWe propose a physical subhealth risk perception scale amounting to 18 items, which includes five dimensions: health knowledge (2 items), risk perception (5 items), trust selection (4 items), information channel (4 items), and social groups (3 items). The reliability and validity of the physical subhealth risk perception scale are acceptable. Applying the scale into practice has potential to improve the overall public health level.
| S-EPMC8764275 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThis study aimed to describe nurses' perceived needs and barriers to pediatric palliative care (PPC).MethodsMixed methods with an embedded design were applied. An online survey was conducted for nurses who participated in the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium- Pediatric Palliative Care (ELNEC-PPC) train-the-trainer program, of whom 63 responded. Quantitative data were collected with a survey questionnaire developed through the Delphi method. The 47 items for needs and 15 items for barriers to PPC were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were collected through open- ended questions and analyzed with topic modeling techniques.ResultsThe mean scores of most subdomains of the PPC needs were 3.5 or higher out of 4, and those of PPC barriers ranged from 3.22 to 3.56, indicating the items in the questionnaire developed in this study properly reflect each factor. The needs for PPC were divided into 4 categories "children and adolescents," "families," "PPC management system," and "community-based PPC." Meanwhile, PPC barriers were divided into 3 categories "healthcare delivery system," "healthcare provider," and "client." The keywords derived from the topic modeling were perception, palliative, children, and education for necessities and lack, perception, medical care, professional care providers, service, and system for barriers to PPC.ConclusionIn this study, by using mixed-methods, items of nurses' perceived needs and barriers to PPC were identified, categorized, and weighted, and their meanings were explored. For the stable establishment of PPC, the priority should be given to improving perceptions of PPC, establishing an appropriate system, and training professional care providers.
| S-EPMC10180034 | biostudies-literature