Association between Systolic Blood Pressure Variability and Incident Aortic Stenosis
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SUBMITTER: Kim H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11242494 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:AimsExercise testing remains underused in patients with aortic stenosis (AS), partly due to concerns about an exercise-induced drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP). We aimed to study the SBP response to exercise in patients with severe symptomatic AS prior to surgery and 1 year postoperatively.MethodsPatients scheduled for aortic valve replacement due to severe symptomatic AS were enrolled at a single centre in a prospective observational cohort study. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed on a cycle ergometer at baseline and 1 year postoperatively, using standard termination criteria. The SBP response was categorised according to the last measurements of SBP during exercise, in relation to workload (the SBP/watt-slope) as 'normal' (>0.25 mm Hg/watt), 'flat' (0-0.25 mm Hg/watt) or 'drop' (<0 mm Hg/watt).Results45 patients (28 male, 66±9 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 59%±5%, aortic jet velocity 4.6±0.5 m/s) were included, with pairwise comparison available in 31 cases. There were no adverse events. Preoperatively, 4/45 patients were categorised as 'drop', 23 as 'flat' and 18 as 'normal'. There was a change in the distribution of categories from preoperative to postoperative measurements (43% 'normal' vs 74% 'normal', p=0.0046). Maximal SBP and workload-indexed SBP were higher postoperatively than preoperatively (203±26 vs 182±28 mm Hg, p<0.001 and 0.43±0.14 vs 0.29±0.15 mm Hg/watt, p<0.001).ConclusionAs a drop in SBP was infrequent (<10%) in patients with severe symptomatic AS and no adverse events occurred, our results indicate that CPET may be performed under careful monitoring in AS patients. Postoperatively, the SBP reaction improved, with no patient having a drop in SBP.Trial registration numberNCT02790008.
| S-EPMC11759871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceDiagnosis of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS) is challenging. We hypothesized that the time between left ventricular (LV) and aortic systolic pressure peaks (TLV-Ao) is associated with aortic stenosis (AS) severity and may have additive value in diagnosing severe AS, especially in patients with low-gradient AS.ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic utility of measuring catheter-based TLV-Ao in patients with severe AS.Design, setting, and participantsWe studied 123 patients with severe AS at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a tertiary referral center, who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) via femoral access and had pre-TAVR cardiac computed tomography assessment and hemodynamic measurements recorded during a TAVR procedure. All patients received hemodynamic evaluation, echocardiographic assessment, and quantification of aortic valve calcification (AVC) by multidetector computed tomography. Hemodynamic data were collected via left heart catheterization done just before TAVR, and TLV-Ao was calculated offline. Data were analyzed between October 5, 2015, and July 20, 2016.Main outcomes and measuresThe association between TLV-Ao and AVC or other conventional imaging parameters was analyzed.ResultsOf the included patients, the mean (SD) age was 81 (9) years, and 65 (54%) were men (54%). Among 123 patients, 48 patients (39%) had low-gradient AS (<40 mm Hg) and mean (SD) TLV-Ao was 69 (39) milliseconds. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, higher TLV-Ao (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = .002) and higher peak aortic valve (AV) velocity (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = .008) were independently associated with severe AVC (AVC >1000 AU). Adding TLV-Ao to the peak AV velocity and AV area showed significant incremental value to be associated with AVC, with a net reclassification improvement of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.23-0.99; P = .002) and integrated discriminatory improvement of 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03-0.16; P = .003). In a subgroup of patients with low-grade AS, higher TLV-Ao was the only parameter associated with severe AVC (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.001-1.04; P = .03).Conclusions and relevanceProlonged TLV-Ao was associated with severe AVC. This catheter-based hemodynamic index may be an additional surrogate to differentiate low-gradient true severe AS. Larger, prospective studies investigating the role of TLV-Ao as a marker of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR are required.
| S-EPMC6495352 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Elevated blood pressure (BP) is associated with greater severity of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and increased risk of ischemic stroke. Because little is known about the relationship of maintained BP level with progression of symptomatic ICAS (sICAS), we evaluated the independent association of maintained systolic BP (SBP) with risk of sICAS progression. METHODS:We analyzed the Trial of cilOstazol in Symptomatic intracranial Stenosis 2, which evaluated 402 stroke patients with sICAS (mean age, 64.5±11.3 years; male, 52.2%). Study participants were categorized into four groups according to mean SBP level: low-normal (<120 mm Hg), normal to high-normal (120 to 139 mm Hg), high (140 to 159 mm Hg), and very-high (≥160 mm Hg). Progression of sICAS was defined as worsening in the degree of stenosis by ≥1 grade on the 7-month magnetic resonance angiography follow-up. RESULTS:sICAS progression was observed in 52 (12.9%) subjects. Percentages of sICAS progression by mean SBP category showed a J-shape pattern: low-normal (21.4%), normal to high-normal (10.7%), high (11.4%), and very-high (38.9%). In multivariable analysis, compared to the normal to high-normal SBP group, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were low-normal, 1.88 (0.62-5.67); high, 1.06 (0.47-2.37); and very-high, 8.75 (2.57-29.86). Rate of sICAS progression by 10-mm Hg strata showed a similar pattern to findings from mean SBP category (9.47; 2.58-34.73 for SBP ≥160 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS:Among individuals with a recent ICAS stroke, very-high SBP level during the short-term period after the index stroke was associated with significantly greater odds of sICAS progression.
| S-EPMC5647639 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCentral aortic blood pressure (BP) could be a better risk predictor than brachial BP. This study examined whether invasively measured aortic systolic BP improved outcome prediction beyond risk prediction by conventional cuff-based office systolic BP in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsIn a prospective, longitudinal cohort study, aortic and office systolic BPs were registered in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography (CAG). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Multivariable Cox models were used to determine the association with incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death.ResultsAortic and office systolic BPs were available in 39,866 patients (mean age: 64 years; 58% males; 64% with hypertension) out of which 6605 (17%) had CKD. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years (interquartile range: 4.6-10.1 years), 1367 strokes (CKD: 353), 1858 MIs (CKD: 446), and 7551 deaths (CKD: 2515) occurred. CKD increased the risk of stroke, MI, and death significantly. Office and aortic systolic BP were both associated with stroke in non-CKD patients (adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval per 10 mm Hg: 1.08 [1.05-1.12] and 1.06 [1.03-1.09], respectively) and with MI in patients with CKD (adjusted hazard ratios: 1.08 [1.03-1.13] and 1.08 [1.04-1.12], respectively). There was no significant difference between prediction of outcome with office or aortic systolic BP when adjusted models were compared with C-statistics.ConclusionRegardless of CKD status, invasively measured central aortic systolic BP does not improve the ability to predict outcome compared with brachial office BP measurement.
| S-EPMC10851008 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Systolic blood pressure variability is an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular events. Standard measures of blood pressure predict outcome poorly in haemodialysis patients. We investigated whether systolic blood pressure variability was associated with mortality in incident haemodialysis patients. We performed a longitudinal observational study of patients commencing haemodialysis between 2005 and 2011 in East Anglia, UK, excluding patients with cardiovascular events within 6 months of starting haemodialysis. The main exposure was variability independent of the mean (VIM) of systolic blood pressure from short-gap, pre-dialysis blood pressure readings between 3 and 6 months after commencing haemodialysis, and the outcome was all-cause mortality. Of 203 patients, 37 (18.2%) patients died during a mean follow-up of 2.0 (SD 1.3) years. The age and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.17) for a one-unit increase of VIM. This was not altered by adjustment for diabetes, prior cardiovascular disease and mean systolic blood pressure (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16). Patients with VIM of systolic blood pressure above the median were 2.4 (95% CI 1.17-4.74) times more likely to die during follow-up than those below the median. Results were similar for all measures of blood pressure variability and further adjustment for type of dialysis access, use of antihypertensives and absolute or variability of fluid intake did not alter these findings. Diastolic blood pressure variability showed no association with all cause mortality. Our study shows that variability of systolic blood pressure is a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality in incident haemodialysis patients. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism as this may form a therapeutic target or focus for management.
| S-EPMC3904871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesRecognized as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), blood pressure variability (BPV) could be leveraged to facilitate identification of at-risk individuals at a population level. Granular BPV data are available during acute care hospitalization periods for potentially high-risk patients, but the incident ADRD risk association with BPV measured in this setting is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the relation of BPV, measured during acute care hospitalization, and incidence of ADRD.MethodsWe retrospectively studied adults, without a prior ADRD diagnosis, who were admitted to a large quaternary care medical center in Southern California between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, determined BPV, calculated as variability independent of the mean (VIM), using blood pressure readings obtained as part of routine clinical care. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between BP VIM during hospitalization and the development of incident dementia, determined by new ICD-9/10 coding or the new prescription of dementia medication, occurring at least 2 years after the index hospitalization.ResultsOf 81,892 adults hospitalized without a prior ADRD diagnosis, 2,442 (2.98%) went on to develop ADRD (2.6 to 5.2 years after hospitalization). In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, both systolic (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.09) and diastolic (1.06, 1.02-1.10) VIM were associated with incident ADRD. In pre-specified stratified analyses, the VIM associations with incident ADRD were most pronounced in individuals over age 60 years and among those with renal disease or hypertension. Results were similar when repeated to include incident ADRD diagnoses made at least 1 or 3 years after index hospitalization.DiscussionWe found that measurements of BPV from acute care hospitalizations can be used to identify individuals at risk for developing a diagnosis of ADRD within approximately 5 years. Use of the readily accessible BPV measure may allow healthcare systems to risk stratify patients during periods of intense patient-provider interaction and, in turn, facilitate engagement in ADRD screening programs.
| S-EPMC9941567 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) is associated with outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been demonstrated to be effective in stroke and may affect blood pressure. Relationship between SBPV and RIC treatment after stroke warrants investigation. A total of 1707 patients from per-protocol analysis set of RICAMIS study were included. The SBPV was calculated based on blood pressure measured at admission, Day 7, and Day 12. (I) To investigate the effect of SBPV on efficacy of RIC in stroke, patients were divided into High and Low categories in each SBPV parameter. Primary outcome was excellent functional outcome at 90 days. Compared with Control, efficacy of RIC in each category and interaction between categories were investigated. (II) To investigate the effect of RIC treatment on SBPV, SBPV parameters were compared between RIC and Control groups. Compared with Control, a higher likelihood of primary outcome in RIC was found in high category (max-min: adjusted risk difference [RD] = 7.2, 95% CI 1.2-13.1, P = 0.02; standard deviation: adjusted RD = 11.5, 95% CI 1.6-21.4, P = 0.02; coefficient of variation: adjusted RD = 11.2, 95% CI 1.4-21.0, P = 0.03). Significant interaction of RIC on outcomes were found between High and Low standard deviations (adjusted P < 0.05). No significant difference in SBPV parameters were found between treatment groups. This is the first report that Chinese patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke and presenting with higher SBPV, who were non-cardioemoblic stroke and not candidates for intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy, would benefit more from RIC with respect to functional outcomes at 90 days, but 2-week RIC treatment has no effect on SBPV during hospital.
| S-EPMC11227509 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionHypertension is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and is geographically concentrated in urban underserved neighborhoods. This study examines the temporal-spatial association between individual exposure to violent crime and blood pressure.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study analyzed 39,211 patients with 227,595 blood pressure measurements from 2014 to 2016 at 3 outpatient clinics at an academic medical center in Chicago. Patients were included in the study if they had documentation of blood pressure in the medical record and resided in census tracts with >1,000 observations. Geocoded violent crime events were obtained from the Chicago Police Department. Individual-level exposure was defined on the basis of spatial and temporal buffers around each patient's home. Spatial buffers included 100-, 250-, 500-, and 1,000-meter disc radii, and temporal buffers included 7, 30, and 60 days preceding each outpatient appointment. Systolic blood pressure measurements (mmHg) were abstracted from the electronic health record. Analysis was performed in 2019-2020.ResultsFor each violent crime event within 100 meters from home, systolic blood pressure increased by 0.14 mmHg within 7 days of exposure compared with 0.08 mmHg at 30 days of exposure. In analyses stratified by neighborhood cluster, systolic blood pressure increased by 0.37 mmHg among patients in the suburban affluent cluster relative to that among those in an extreme poverty cluster for the same spatial and temporal buffer.ConclusionsExposure to a violent crime event was associated with increased blood pressure, with gradient effects by both distance and time from exposure.
| S-EPMC8973828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Blood pressure variability (BPV) has long been considered a risk factor for cardiovascular events. We aimed to investigate whether post-operative systolic BPV was associated with early and late all-cause mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Clinical variables and blood pressure records within the first 24 h in the post-operative intensive care unit stay from 4,509 patients operated on between 2001 and 2012 were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. BPV was measured as the coefficient of the variability of systolic blood pressure, and we compared patients in the highest quartile with patients in the other three quartiles. Results: After full adjustment, patients in the highest quartile of BPV were at a higher risk of intensive care unit mortality (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11-3.69), 30-day mortality (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.22-3.02), and 90-day mortality (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.19-2.27). For 2,892 patients with a 4-year follow-up, the association between a higher post-operative BPV and the risk of 4-year mortality was not significant (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.96-1.42). The results were supported by the comparison of survival curves and remained generally consistent in the subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that in patients undergoing CABG, a higher post-operative BPV was associated with a higher risk of early mortality while the association was not significant for late mortality. Post-operative BPV can support doctors in identifying patients with potential hemodynamic instability and making timely clinical decisions.
| S-EPMC8387866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIntraindividual blood pressure (BP) fluctuates dynamically over time. Previous studies suggested an adverse link between greater visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and various outcomes. However, these studies have significant limitations, such as a small size, inclusion of selected populations, and restricted outcomes.ObjectivesThis study investigated the association of increased visit-to-visit variability and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a large cohort of U.S. veterans.MethodsFrom among 3,285,684 U.S. veterans with and without hypertension and normal estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) during 2005 and 2006, we identified 2,865,157 patients who had 8 or more outpatient BP measurements. Systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) was measured using the SD of all SBP values (normally distributed) in 1 individual. Associations of SD quartiles (<10.3, 10.3 to 12.7, 12.7 to 15.6, and ≥15.6 mm Hg) with all-cause mortality, incident coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and ESRD was examined using Cox models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, baseline eGFR, comorbidities, body mass index, SBP, diastolic BP, and antihypertensive medication use.ResultsSeveral sociodemographic variables (older age, male sex, African-American race, divorced or widowed status) and clinical characteristics (lower baseline eGFR, higher SBP and diastolic BP), and comorbidities (presence of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease) were all associated with higher intraindividual SBPV. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for SD quartiles 2 through 4 (compared with the first quartile) associated with all-cause mortality, CHD, stroke, and ESRD were incrementally higher.ConclusionsHigher SBPV in individuals with and without hypertension was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, CHD, stroke, and ESRD. Further studies are needed to determine interventions that can lower SBPV and their impact on adverse health outcomes.
| S-EPMC5117818 | biostudies-literature