Burden of non-communicable diseases among women of reproductive age in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
To examine the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among women of reproductive age in Kenya, highlighting the prevalence and risk factors.Design
Cross-sectional design based on the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey.Setting
Kenya.Primary outcomes
Predict the burden of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, arthritis, depression, anxiety, breast and cervical cancer.Results
Overall, 15.9% of Kenyan women aged 15-49 years were living with at least one NCD. The most prevalent NCD among this cohort was hypertension (8.7%) followed by arthritis (2.9%) and depression (2.8%). Our findings revealed that increasing age, increasing wealth, being married or formerly married, being overweight or obese, consuming alcohol and some occupations were risk factors of NCDs among women of reproductive age in Kenya.Conclusion
We conclude that hypertension is the most prevalent NCD among women of reproductive age in Kenya. The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of NCD risk factors in Kenya, emphasising the importance of targeted interventions that consider age, economic status, education, marital status, occupation and lifestyle factors.
SUBMITTER: Okyere J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11253757 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Burden of non-communicable diseases among women of reproductive age in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
Okyere Joshua J Ayebeng Castro C Dickson Kwamena Sekyi KS
BMJ open 20240713 7
<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among women of reproductive age in Kenya, highlighting the prevalence and risk factors.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional design based on the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey.<h4>Setting</h4>Kenya.<h4>Primary outcomes</h4>Predict the burden of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, arthritis, depression, anxiety, breast and cervical cancer.<h4>Results</h4>Overall, 15.9% of Kenyan women aged 15-49 years ...[more]
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Project description:Malnutrition has been persistently high in Tanzania, especially in the rural areas. Although some interventions have been implemented to reduce the rate of undernutrition, improvement is much slower than expected. Moreover, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age has been on the increase. Changes in lifestyles specifically in eating habits may contribute to the observed increase trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, there are limited studies that have assessed diet quality for women. Hence, this study aimed to assess the consumption of protective and risk food groups for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in rural areas of the Morogoro region, Tanzania. The cross-sectional study involved 512 randomly selected women of reproductive age in Mvomero district. All mothers or caretakers with children of age 6-23 months who resided in the area for over three months were eligible to participate. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and the Global Diet Quality Questionnaire was used to collect dietary intake data for women. A multivariate regression model was used to identify factors associated with consumption of diversified diets, NCD-protect, and NCD-risk food group scores. The results show that about 42% of the women had no formal education and about one in three women own a mobile phone. About 70% consumed vegetables while 33% consumed deep fried foods. Only 34% of the women met the minimum diet diversity (MDD-W) of five or more food groups. The mean NCD-protect score was 2.8 ± 1.4 and the NCD-risk score was 0.77 ± 0.97. Household income was positively associated with an increase in both protect scores and NCD-risk. Mobile phone ownership was positively associated with NCD-risk. Other factors such as age and self-employment in agriculture were positively associated NCD-protect while the number of children was negatively associated with NCD-protect score. Rural communities should be educated on the importance of food diversification starting from production to consumption and the need for multiple sources of income to increase purchasing power of the household while considering proper food choices to avoid the risk of NCDs. The Ministry of Agriculture and other stakeholders should support and promote production of bio-fortified crops and keeping small animals. The Ministry of Education should ensure that school children are aware of the NCD-risk foods and make available healthier food choices around the school environment.
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Project description:BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan African countries, where 96% of global malaria deaths occur. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of NCDs in countries with the current highest malaria mortality.MethodsData for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study (1990-2019). We selected the ten countries with malaria's highest age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and identified and ranked the five NCDs with the highest ASMR in each country. Measures of the NCDs disease burden included ASMR, age-standardised disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to a disability (YLD). The Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to examine the trends of the NCDs disease burden from 1990 to 2019.ResultsAs of 2019, the ASMR of chronic liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, hypertensive heart disease and stroke were higher than the global average. From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, type II diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease increased by 3.0%, 10.8%, 13.3%, and the age-standardised DALY rate increased by 3.7%, 27.6%, 6.3%, and the increases tended to be in younger populations.ConclusionThe double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases is crippling the health systems of many sub-Saharan African countries and is often neglected. The prevention, surveillance, and control of diseases require an integrated strategy, with governments and non-government organisations aligned and supported by the global initiative.
| S-EPMC9589679 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundData on cervical cancer knowledge, perceptions, screening practices and other relevant health behaviours among women in rural Kenya is limited. Yet understanding this information is a key first step in developing evidence-based interventions aimed at addressing the low uptake of screening services and heavy cervical cancer disease burden within Kenya. Consequently, our study sought to assess cervical cancer knowledge, attitude, and practice amongst women of reproductive age within Kiambu County, known for a high cervical cancer disease burden.MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study undertaken in April 2022. Data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires from 472 females randomly selected from within the community. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (mean values, standard deviations, and frequencies) and logistic regression, using STATA version 13.ResultsMore than 80% of respondents were aware of cervical cancer though only 54% answered at least half of the knowledge questions correctly. Knowledge of HPV was particularly low, likely because 55% of the study sample stated they had never heard of HPV. Though 89% of study participants deemed cervical cancer preventable, more than 60% had an unfavourable attitude towards cervical cancer screening, deeming the process expensive, painful, and embarrassing. In line with the latter observation, only 20% of our sample had ever been screened for cervical cancer and less than half of this group had undergone regular screening. Notably, knowing a place where cervical cancer screening services are provided had the largest increase in odds of being screened (3.94; 95% CI: 1.08-14.37). Fear of tests and outcomes was also noted to be a prime concern amongst our study participants.ConclusionA clear message from this study is the need to ensure community members are aware of where to access screening services and strategies are implemented to address prevalent fears and negative perceptions.Abbreviations: CHV: Community Health Volunteers; HPV: Human papillomavirus; HIV/AIDS: Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; LEEP: Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure; LMICs: Low- and Middle-Income Countries; NCI: National Cancer Institute; NACOSTI: National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation; VIA: Visual inspection with acetic acid; VILLI: Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine; WHO: World Health Organisation.
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