Not so benign intracranial hypertension.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Digre KB
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1125522 | biostudies-literature | 2003 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Not so benign intracranial hypertension.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 20030301 7390
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3216431 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo characterize the phenotype, headache-related disability, medical co-morbidities, use of symptomatic headache medications, and headache response to study interventions in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT).MethodsPatients with untreated IIH and mild vision loss enrolled in the IIHTT and randomized to acetazolamide (ACZ) and weight loss or placebo (PLB) and weight loss had prospective assessment of headache disability using the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire. Subjects with headache at the baseline visit were assigned a headache phenotype using the International Classification for Headache Disorders version 3 beta (ICHD-3b). Medication overuse was determined using the participants' reported medication use for the preceding month and ICHD-3b thresholds for diagnosing medication overuse headache. We investigated relationships between headache disability and various other clinical characteristics at baseline and at 6 months.ResultsHeadache was present in 139 (84%) of the 165 enrollees at baseline. The most common headache phenotypes were migraine (52%), tension-type headache (22%), probable migraine (16%), and probable tension-type headache (4%). Fifty-one (37%) participants overused symptomatic medications at baseline, most frequently simple analgesics. A similar amount of improvement in the adjusted mean (± standard error) HIT-6 score occurred in the ACZ (-9.56 ± 1.05) and PLB groups (-9.11 ± 1.14) at 6 months (group difference -0.45, 95% CI -3.50 to 2.60, P = .77). Headache disability did not correlate with any of the studies, variables of interest, which included: the lumbar puncture opening pressure at baseline or at 6 months, body mass index, the amount of weight lost, papilledema grade, perimetric mean deviation, or the use of hormonal contraception. Headache disability was significantly associated with patient-reported quality of life in the physical, mental, and visual domains.ConclusionsHeadache was common, of varied character, disabling, and associated with poorer quality of life in our cohort of patients with mild visual impairment. The lack of correlation between headache disability and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure at baseline and at the end of the randomized phase of the study implies that headache in IIH may be related to factors other than intracranial hypertension, and that specific headache treatment is needed in addition to therapies directed at lowering CSF pressure.
| S-EPMC5799151 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7173709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Treatment for a patient who presented with severe headaches and decreased vision caused by idiopathic intracranial hypertension was complicated by nonadherence and pregnancy, but the patient's symptoms resolved after a successful delivery.
| S-EPMC6364811 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6611036 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo delineate the factors contributing to overdiagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) among patients seen in one neuro-ophthalmology service at a tertiary center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed new patients referred with a working diagnosis of IIH over 8 months. The Diagnosis Error Evaluation and Research taxonomy tool was applied to cases referred with a diagnosis of IIH and a discrepant final diagnosis.ResultsOf 1,249 patients, 165 (13.2%) were referred either with a preexisting diagnosis of IIH or to rule out IIH. Of the 86/165 patients (52.1%) with a preexisting diagnosis of IIH, 34/86 (39.5%) did not have IIH. The most common diagnostic error was inaccurate ophthalmoscopic examination in headache patients. Of 34 patients misdiagnosed as having IIH, 27 (27/34 [79.4%]; 27/86 [31.4%]) had at least one lumbar puncture, 29 (29/34 [85.3%]; 29/86 [33.7%]) had a brain MRI, and 8 (8/34 [23.5%]; 8/86 [9.3%]) had a magnetic resonance/CT venogram. Twenty-six had received medical treatment, 1 had a lumbar drain, and 4 were referred for surgery. In 8 patients (8/34 [23.5%]; 8/86 [9.3%]), an alternative diagnosis requiring further evaluation was identified.ConclusionsDiagnostic errors resulted in overdiagnosis of IIH in 39.5% of patients referred for presumed IIH, and prompted unnecessary tests, invasive procedures, and missed diagnoses. The most common errors were inaccurate ophthalmoscopic examination in headache patients and thinking biases, reinforcing the need for rapid access to specialists with experience in diagnosing optic nerve disorders. Indeed, the high prevalence of primary benign headaches and obesity in young women often leads to costly and invasive evaluations for presumed IIH.
| S-EPMC4776085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of unknown etiology often encountered in neurologic practice. It produces nonlocalizing symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure and, when left untreated, can result in severe irreversible visual loss. It most commonly occurs in obese women of childbearing age, but it can also occur in children, men, nonobese adults, and older adults. Although it is frequently associated with obesity, it can be associated with other conditions, such as obstructive sleep apnea and transverse cerebral venous sinus stenoses. Recent identification of subgroups at high risk for irreversible visual loss, including black patients, men, and patients with fulminant forms of IIH, help guide the optimal management and follow-up. Ongoing studies of venous anatomy and physiology in IIH patients, as well as a recently begun randomized clinical treatment trial, should provide further insight into this common yet poorly understood syndrome.
| S-EPMC3674489 | biostudies-other
Project description:There is increasing interest in venous sinus stenting in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who are refractory to medical therapy. Often the transverse sinus stenoses are bilateral, however, and there is no clear evidence for whether we should stent one or both sides in these patients. Our practice is to first stent one side, and in this brief case report, we demonstrate complete resolution of the contralateral stenosis in one such patient who underwent stenting. Her symptoms also completely resolved, and so this case highlights the dynamic fluctuant nature of the transverse sinuses.
| S-EPMC6998005 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHeadache is the predominant disabler in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The aim was to characterise headache and investigate the association with intracranial pressure.MethodsIIH:WT was a randomised controlled parallel group multicentre trial in the United Kingdom investigating weight management methods in IIH. Participants with active IIH (evidenced by papilloedema) and a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2 were recruited. At baseline, 12 months and 24 months headache characteristics and quality of life outcome measures were collected and lumbar puncture measurements were performed.ResultsSixty-six women with active IIH were included with a mean age of 32.0 years (SD ± 7.8), and mean body mass index of 43.9 ± 7.0 kg/m2. The headache phenotype was migraine-like in 90%. Headache severity correlated with ICP at baseline (r = 0.285; p = 0.024); change in headache severity and monthly headache days correlated with change in ICP at 12 months (r = 0.454, p = 0.001 and r = 0.419, p = 0.002 respectively). Cutaneous allodynia was significantly correlated with ICP at 12 months. (r = 0.479, p < 0.001). Boot strap analysis noted a positive association between ICP at 12 and 24 months and enabled prediction of both change in headache severity and monthly headache days. ICP was associated with significant improvements in quality of life (SF-36).ConclusionsWe demonstrate a positive relationship between ICP and headache and cutaneous allodynia, which has not been previously reported in IIH. Those with the greatest reduction in ICP over 12 months had the greatest reduction in headache frequency and severity; this was associated with improvement of quality of life measures.Trial registrationThis work provides Class IIa evidence of the association of raised intracranial pressure and headache. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02124486 .
| S-EPMC8499560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is not fully characterized, and less is known about its development in transgender patients. Several cases of IIH in transgender patients have been reported, but fewer cases have been published that identify a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak as a complication of IIH in this population. These patients can serve as an important study population, as an association between exogenous testosterone use in karyotypical females and development of IIH may support a hormonally mediated mechanism of development of this disease.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 33-year-old obese (BMI: 30.58 kg/m2) female-to-male transgender patient on exogenous testosterone for 15 years who presented with 1 month of acute or chronic headache with profuse rhinorrhea. Fundoscopic exam revealed disk pallor and edema consistent with a Frisen grade 3 papilledema. Nasal secretion was positive for beta-2 transferrin, consistent with CSF. Computed tomography head demonstrated a 5-mm defect in the medial left middle cranial fossa, bilateral optic nerve prominence and tortuosity, and abnormal arachnoid granulations concerning for IIH. After a successful endoscopic endonasal repair of the left lateral sphenoid recess leak, our patient continued to report headaches, was started on acetazolamide, and noted improvement in symptoms.ConclusionThe case described herein further supports the growing body of evidence that implicates a hormonal mechanism of action in the development of IIH. Importantly, it also addresses the need for increased study and conversation about rare neurologic diseases in transgender patients.
| S-EPMC11521422 | biostudies-literature