Dataset Information

Genotype Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Prospective, Single-Center Study in Korea From 2019 to 2022.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a highly transmissible virus, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections. We examined molecular changes in the RSV genome before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea, and investigated whether drug-resistant mutations were present.

Methods

In this prospective, single-center study, RSV-positive respiratory samples were collected between September 2019 and December 2022. Long-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed, and the presence of known drug-resistant substitutions for palivizumab, nirsevimab, and suptavumab was investigated.

Results

Overall, 288 respiratory samples were collected from 276 children. WGS data were available for 133 samples (71 and 62 samples from the pre- and post-pandemic periods, respectively). All RSV-A strains (n = 56) belonged to the GA2.3.5 (ON1) genotype, whereas all RSV-B strains (n = 77) belonged to the GB5.0.5a (BA) genotype. No significant differences in genotypes were observed between the pre- and post-pandemic periods. In addition, no notable mutations related to nirsevimab or palivizumab resistance were detected in the F gene. However, the L172Q and S173L substitutions, which are known to confer resistance to suptavumab, were present in all RSV-B samples.

Conclusion

Despite the unprecedented interruption of RSV seasonality, there were no significant molecular changes in circulating RSV strains in Korea related to nirsevimab or palivizumab resistance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, RSV-specific drug-resistance substitutions for suptavumab were identified.

SUBMITTER: Na B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11263766 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Genotype Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Prospective, Single-Center Study in Korea From 2019 to 2022.

Na Bonhyang B Park Yu Jin YJ Seo Jieun J Park Miri M Baek Jee Yeon JY Lee Ji Young JY Kim Minyoung M Ahn Jong Gyun JG Lee Seung Tae ST Kang Ji-Man JM

Journal of Korean medical science 20240722 28

<h4>Background</h4>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a highly transmissible virus, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections. We examined molecular changes in the RSV genome before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea, and investigated whether drug-resistant mutations were present.<h4>Methods</h4>In this prospective, single-center study, RSV-positive respiratory samples were collected between September 2019 and December 2022. Long-read whole-genom ...[more]

PMID: 39048301

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Project description:ImportanceLittle is known about the burden and outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-positive acute respiratory infection (ARI) in community-dwelling older adults.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of RSV-positive ARI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to assess outcomes for RSV-positive ARI in older adults.Design, setting, and participantsThis was a community-based cohort study of adults residing in southeast Minnesota that followed up with 2325 adults aged 50 years or older for 2 RSV seasons (2019-2021) to assess the incidence of RSV-positive ARI. The study assessed outcomes at 2 to 4 weeks, 6 to 7 months, and 12 to 13 months after RSV-positive ARI.ExposureRSV-positive and -negative ARI.Main outcomes and measuresRSV status was the main study outcome. Incidence and attack rates of RSV-positive ARI were calculated during each RSV season, including before (October 2019 to April 2020) and during (October 2020 to April 2021) COVID-19 pandemic, and further calculated during non-RSV season (May to September 2021) for assessing impact of COVID-19. The self-reported quality of life (QOL) by Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) and physical functional measures (eg, 6-minute walk and spirometry) at each time point was assessed.ResultsIn this study of 2325 participants, the median (range) age of study participants was 67 (50-98) years, 1380 (59%) were female, and 2240 (96%) were non-Hispanic White individuals. The prepandemic incidence rate of RSV-positive ARI was 48.6 (95% CI, 36.9-62.9) per 1000 person-years with a 2.50% (95% CI, 1.90%-3.21%) attack rate. No RSV-positive ARI case was identified during the COVID-19 pandemic RSV season. Incidence of 10.2 (95% CI, 4.1-21.1) per 1000 person-years and attack rate of 0.42%; (95% CI, 0.17%-0.86%) were observed during the summer of 2021. Based on prepandemic RSV season results, participants with RSV-positive ARI (vs matched RSV-negative ARI) reported significantly lower QOL adjusted mean difference (limitations due to physical health, -16.7 [95% CI, -31.8 to -1.8]; fatigue, -8.4 [95% CI, -14.3 to -2.4]; and difficulty in social functioning, -11.9 [95% CI, -19.8 to -4.0] within 2 to 4 weeks after RSV-positive ARI [ie, short-term outcome]). Compared with participants with RSV-negative ARI, those with RSV-positive ARI also had lower QOL (fatigue: -4.0 [95% CI, -8.5 to -1.3]; difficulty in social functioning, -5.8 [95% CI, -10.3 to -1.3]; and limitation due to emotional problem, -7.0 [95% CI, -12.7 to -1.3] at 6 to 7 months after RSV-positive ARI [intermediate-term outcome]; fatigue, -4.4 [95% CI, -7.3 to -1.5]; difficulty in social functioning, -5.2 [95% CI, -8.7 to -1.7] and limitation due to emotional problem, -5.7 [95% CI, -10.7 to -0.6] at 12-13 months after RSV-positive ARI [ie, long-term outcomes]) independent of age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and high-risk comorbidities.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, the burden of RSV-positive ARI in older adults during the pre-COVID-19 period was substantial. After a reduction of RSV-positive ARI incidence from October 2020 to April 2021, RSV-positive ARI re-emerged during the summer of 2021. RSV-positive ARI was associated with significant long-term lower QOL beyond the short-term lower QOL in older adults.

Dataset Information

Genotype Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Prospective, Single-Center Study in Korea From 2019 to 2022.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Genotype Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Prospective, Single-Center Study in Korea From 2019 to 2022.

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