Frontal Norepinephrine Represents a Threat Prediction Error Under Uncertainty.

ABSTRACT:

Background

To adapt to threats in the environment, animals must predict them and engage in defensive behavior. While the representation of a prediction error signal for reward has been linked to dopamine, a neuromodulatory prediction error for aversive learning has not been identified.

Methods

We measured and manipulated norepinephrine release during threat learning using optogenetics and a novel fluorescent norepinephrine sensor.

Results

We found that norepinephrine response to conditioned stimuli reflects aversive memory strength. When delays between auditory stimuli and footshock are introduced, norepinephrine acts as a prediction error signal. However, temporal difference prediction errors do not fully explain norepinephrine dynamics. To explain noradrenergic sign

SUBMITTER: Basu A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11269024 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature