Insights into Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Review of Checkpoint Receptor Expression.

ABSTRACT: Hepatitis B, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), often progresses to chronic infection, leading to severe complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic HBV infection is characterized by a complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system, resulting in immune cell exhaustion, a phenomenon commonly observed in chronic viral infections and cancer. This state of exhaustion involves elevated levels of inhibitory molecules, cells, and cell surface receptors, as opposed to stimulatory counterparts. This review aims to elucidate the expression patterns of various co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors on immune cells isolated from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. By analyzing existing data, the review conducts comparisons between CHB

SUBMITTER: Costa JP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11279883 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature