Perceived social support and longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in World Trade Center responders.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

While severely distressing events are known to affect mental health adversely, some survivors develop only short-lived or no psychiatric symptoms in the aftermath of a disaster. In the WTC Health Program General Responder Cohort (WTCHP GRC) we examined whether social support was protective against the development of depression or anxiety symptoms after the 9/11 WTC attacks and explored in a subsample whether trait resilience moderated this relationship.

Methods

We analyzed data from 14,033 traditional and 13,478 non-traditional responders who attended at least three periodic health monitoring visits between 2002 and 2019. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scree

SUBMITTER: Pijnenburg LJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11291574 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature