Proteomic and metabolomic revealed the effect of shading treatment on cigar tobacco
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC11294240 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Top removal is a widely utilized method in production process of tobacco, but little is known regarding the way it impacts protein and metabolic regulation. In this study, we investigated the underlying processes of alterations in cigar tobacco leaves with and without top removal, using a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach. The results revealed that: (1) Topping significantly affected superoxide anion (O2 -) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, (2) In the cigar tobacco proteome, 385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 228 proteins upregulated and 156 downregulated. Key pathways enriched included flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. A network of 161 nodes interconnected by 102 significantly altered proteins was established, (3) In the cigar tobacco metabolome, 247 significantly different metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 120 upregulated and 128 downregulated metabolites, mainly comprising lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds, (4) KEGG pathway enrichment revealed upregulation of proteins such as chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H), and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (F3'H), along with metabolites like pinocembrin, kaempferol, trifolin, rutin, and quercetin, enhancing the pathways of 'flavonoid' and 'flavone and flavonol' biosynthesis. This study sheds light on the metabolic and proteomic responses of cigar tobacco after topping.
| S-EPMC11882365 | biostudies-literature
Project description:microbial communities on cigar tobacco leaf
| PRJNA741203 | ENA
Project description:Top removal is a widely utilized method in production process of tobacco, but little is known regarding the way it impacts protein and metabolic regulation. In this study, we investigated the underlying processes of alterations in cigar tobacco leaves with and without top removal, using a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach. The results revealed that: (1) Topping significantly affected superoxide anion (O2 -) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, (2) In the cigar tobacco proteome, 385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 228 proteins upregulated and 156 downregulated. Key pathways enriched included flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. A network of 161 nodes interconnected by 102 significantly altered proteins was established, (3) In the cigar tobacco metabolome, 247 significantly different metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 120 upregulated and 128 downregulated metabolites, mainly comprising lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds, (4) KEGG pathway enrichment revealed upregulation of proteins such as chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H), and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (F3'H), along with metabolites like pinocembrin, kaempferol, trifolin, rutin, and quercetin, enhancing the pathways of 'flavonoid' and 'flavone and flavonol' biosynthesis. This study sheds light on the metabolic and proteomic responses of cigar tobacco after topping.
2025-02-10 | PXD060658 |
Project description:Cigar variety CX-010 tobacco leaves produce localized green spots during the air-curing period, and spraying exogenous sucrose effectively alleviates the occurrence of the green spots. To investigate the alleviation effect of exogenous sucrose spraying, the total water content and the number and size of green spots on tobacco leaves were investigated during the air-curing period under four treatments; CK (pure water), T1 (0.1 M sucrose), T2 (0.2 M sucrose) and T3 (0.4 M sucrose). The results showed that the total water content of tobacco leaves showed a trend of T3 < CK < T2 < T1 in the early air-curing stage, and the number and size of green spots showed a trend of T3 < T2 < T1 < CK. All sucrose treatments alleviated the green spot phenomenon, and T3 had the fewest green spots. Thus, the tobacco leaves of the T3 and CK treatments at two air-curing stages were used to perform metabolomics analysis with nontargeted liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry to determine the physiological mechanism. A total of 259 and 178 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) between T3- and CK-treated tobacco leaves were identified in the early air-curing and the end of air-curing stages, respectively. These DAMs mainly included lipid and lipid-like molecules, carbohydrates, and organic acids and their derivatives. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the T3 treatment significantly altered carbohydrate metabolism (pentose phosphate pathway, sucrose and starch metabolism and galactose metabolism) and amino acid metabolism (tyrosine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism) in air-curing tobacco leaves. Sucrose treatment alleviated green spots by altering DAMs that affected chlorophyll degradation, such as tyrosine and citric acid, to promote the normal degradation of chlorophyll.
| S-EPMC9873923 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Shading is an important technique to protect tea plantations under abiotic stresses. In this study, we analyzed the effect of shading (SD60% shade vs. SD0% no-shade) on the physiological attributes and proteomic analysis of tea leaves in November and December during low temperatures. The results revealed that shading protected the tea plants, including their soil plant analysis development (SPAD), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and nitrogen content (N), in November and December. The proteomics analysis of tea leaves was determined using tandem mass tags (TMT) technology and a total of 7263 proteins were accumulated. Further, statistical analysis and the fold change of significant proteins (FC < 0.67 and FC > 1.5 p < 0.05) revealed 14 DAPs, 11 increased and 3 decreased, in November (nCK_vs_nSD60), 20 DAPs, 7 increased and 13 decreased, in December (dCK_vs_dSD60), and 12 DAPs, 3 increased and 9 decreased, in both November and December (nCK_vs_nSD60). These differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were dehydrins (DHNs), late-embryogenesis abundant (LEA), thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), gibberellin-regulated proteins (GAs), proline-rich proteins (PRPs), cold and drought proteins (CORA-like), and early light-induced protein 1, which were found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast, extra cell, and plasma membrane, and functioned in catalytic, cellular, stimulus-response, and metabolic pathways. In conclusion, the proliferation of key proteins was triggered by translation and posttranslational modifications, which might sustain membrane permeability in tea cellular compartments and could be responsible for tea protection under shading during low temperatures. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the conventional breeding technique (shading) and modern molecular technologies (proteomics) on tea plants, for the development and protection of new tea cultivars.
| S-EPMC10780538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCigars are a popular tobacco product of choice for youth and young adults. Despite growing interest in cigar research, there are gaps in the available literature limiting an ability to set evidence-based policies. Too small research samples, the heterogeneity of types of cigars when asking a single question about use, makes analyzing data difficult. Given the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) authority granted in 2016 to regulate cigars, and its popularity, data to better understand use and preference for cigars will help FDA set appropriate regulatory policies.MethodsWe harmonized cigar survey data previously collected by five independent tobacco regulatory science survey research projects. Data supplying participants included three Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science, one Center for Tobacco Products grantee, and data from Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study's public use dataset.ResultsAnalyzing 92 data variables from across five studies, and applying a rigorous data harmonization protocol, we report findings on 24 key cigar use variables. The step by step protocol for harmonizing is presented. Selected findings showing strict reproducibility across all five studies reveal youth 17-19 years at highest risk for cigar initiation; relative reproducibility shows males more likely to try cigars than females but with significant differences in magnitude across studies; and areas of inconsistent reproducibility are revealed when evaluating brand preferences.ConclusionHarmonizing data from multiple sources fosters a broader view of the robustness and generalizability of survey data than that from a single source. These observations raise awareness to look for the highest degree of reproducibility among and across data sources to inform policy.ImplicationsHarmonizing data from discrete datasets provides insights into cigar initiation and use and is presented showing opportunities, challenges, and solutions. Comparing observational data from PATH and four independent research studies provides a best-practices approach and example of data synthesis for the tobacco research community. The dataset of five studies offers a look at the degree of confidence in analyzing harmonized survey results. Variable conclusions raise the need to strive for the highest degree of reproducibility, to best understand the behaviors of cigar users, and allow for the future development of the most effective interventions to alter tobacco use patterns.
| S-EPMC7789955 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe air-curing process of cigar tobacco leaves is typically conducted in an open environment, involving the participation of various microorganisms. However, the effect of microbial communities during air-curing process on the formation of flavor components remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the dynamics of flavor components and microbial community changes, and explore the potential role of microbial communities in flavor formation during the cigar tobacco air-curing process.ResultsHigh-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Pantoea, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas were the dominant bacterial genera during air-curing process, while Aspergillus was the dominant fungal genus. Subsequently, volatile flavor analysis shows that alkaloids were the most important volatile compounds in cigar leaves, followed by esters, alcohols and aldehydes. Furthermore, 38 characteristic volatile flavor compounds at different periods of air-curing were identified based on PLS-DA in different periods of air-curing. The correlation analysis between microorganisms and flavor components showed that Pantoea and Staphylococcus might promote the flavor formation from browning to post-air-curing and were positively correlated with specific flavor components like phenylacetaldehyde and acetophenone. Phoma, Mycosphaerella, Wallemia, and Cladosporium were identified as key fungal genera influencing flavor formation, as they showed positive correlations with multiple flavor components. These information enrich our understanding of the flavor formation of cigar tobacco during air curing.ConclusionsThere is a complex correlation between the microbial community and the flavor components, which may have a great influence on the flavor formation during the air-curing process of cigar leaves. Bacterial communities have higher species diversity and richness during air-curing, and have more complex correlation characteristics with volatile flavor, which may play more roles in the flavor formation. This study revealed the potential role of microbial community on flavor formation in cigar tobacco air-curing process, and provided guidance for subsequent screening of specific functional microorganisms to improve and stabilize cigar tobacco flavor.
| S-EPMC11783773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cigar is made of a typical fermented tobacco where the microbiota inhabits within an alkaline environment. Our current understanding on cigar fermentation is far from thorough. This work employed both high-throughput sequencing and chromatography-mass spectrometric technologies to provide new scientific reference for this specific fermented system. Typical cigar samples from different regions (the Caribbeans, South America, East Asia, and Southeast Asia) were investigated. The results show that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were the predominant phyla in the cigar samples. Rather than the fungal community, it was the bacterial community structures that played vital roles to differentiate the cigar from different regions: Staphylococcus was the dominant genus in the Americas; Bacillus was the dominant genus in Southeast Asia; while in East Asia, there was no dominant genus. Such differences in community structure then affected the microflora metabolism. The correlation between microbiota and metabolites revealed that Aspergillaceae, Cercospora, and Staphylococcus were significantly correlated with sclareolide; Bacillus were positively associated with isophorone. Alcaligenaceae was significantly and positively correlated with L-nicotine and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
| S-EPMC9691965 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tobacco, as an important cash crop and model plant, has been the subject of various types of research. The quality of flue-cured tobacco products depends on the compound collection of tobacco leaves, including pigments, carbohydrates, amino acids, polyphenols, and alkaloid aroma precursors. The present study investigates tobacco seedling organs (leaf, stem, and root) with the assistance of label-free proteomic technology and untargeted metabonomic technology. We analyzed 4992 proteins and 298 metabolites obtained in the leaf, stem, and root groups and found that there were significant differences in both primary and secondary metabolism processes involved in aroma precursor biosynthesis, such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and alkaloid biosynthesis. The findings showed that the contents of alkaloid metabolites such as nornicotine, anatabine, anatalline, and myosmine were significantly higher in tobacco roots than in leaves and stems at the seedling stage.
| S-EPMC9494650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Metabolic activity of the microbial community greatly affects the quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). To improve the quality of CTLs, two extrinsic microbes (Acinetobacter sp. 1H8 and Acinetobacter indicus 3B2) were inoculated into CTLs. The quality of CTLs were significantly improved after fermentation. The content of solanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester, cyclohexanone, octanal, acetophenone, and 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one were significantly increased after inoculated Acinetobacter sp. 1H8. The inoculation of Acinetobacter sp. 1H8 enhanced the normal evolutionary trend of bacterial community. The content of trimethyl-pyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine, and megastigmatrienone were significantly increased after inoculated Acinetobacter indicus 3B2. The inoculation of Acinetobacter indicus 3B2 completely changed the original bacterial community. Network analysis revealed that Acinetobacter was negatively correlated with Aquabacterium, positively correlated with Bacillus, and had significant correlations with many volatile flavor compounds. This work may be helpful for improving fermentation product quality by regulating microbial community, and gain insight into the microbial ecosystem.
| S-EPMC9248808 | biostudies-literature