Efficient energy conversion mechanism and energy storage strategy for triboelectric nanogenerators
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wu H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11297214 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In this paper, we demonstrate a newly designed hybridized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabric incorporating multiple working modes, which can effectively harvest ambient mechanical energy for conversion into electric power by working in a hybridization of a contact-separation mode, a sliding mode and a freestanding triboelectric layer mode. The power generation of each mode of the TENG fabric was systematically investigated and compared along different directions, under different frequencies and at different locations. Owing to the advanced structural design, the as-fabricated TENG fabric could be switched between multiple working modes according to its real working situation. High output voltage and current of about 140 V and 0.6 μA, respectively, were obtained from a larger size of TENG fabric, which could be used to light up 120 LEDs in series. Compared to the previously reported TENGs, such a hybridized TENG fabric based on hybridized modes has much better adaptability for harvesting energy (such as human walking, running, and other human motion) in different directions. This work presents the promising potential of hybridized TENG fabric for power generation and self-powered wearable devices.
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Project description:The instability of the ocean waves, such as intermittence, randomness, and irregularity, greatly affects the application of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) in its aspects and leads to the irregularity and uncontrollability of its output performance. Hence, the energy storage TENG (ES-TENG) based on the ratchet mechanism is proposed in this work. The ES-TENG uses the ratchet mechanism to store the wave energy in the clockwork spring and then releases it in a centralized way to convert the wave energy into electric energy. When the ES-TENG adopts this method, the change of external excitation does not affect its output performance. Simultaneously, the shell of the ES-TENG is duck-shaped, which can better adapt to the wave environment. The peak power, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current of the ES-TENG are 6.2 mW, 495 V, and 19 μA, respectively. In the simulated wave experiment, the ES-TENG can successfully drive a temperature sensor. In summary, this work shows an economic, environmental friendly TENG that can adapt to the wave motion, and its output performance is not affected by wave instability, which has an important guiding significance for the further development and utilization of TENG in ocean energy.
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Project description:Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) show promising potential in energy harvesting and sensing for various electronic devices in multiple fields. However, the majority of materials currently utilized in TENGs are unrenewable, undegradable, and necessitate complex preparation processes, resulting in restricted performance and durability for practical applications. Here, we propose a strategy that combines straightforward chemical modification and electrospinning techniques to construct all-cellulose nanofiber-based TENGs with substantial power output. By using cellulose acetate (CA) as the raw material, the prepared cellulose membranes (CMs) and fluorinated cellulose membranes (FCMs) with different functional groups and hydrophobic properties are applied as the tribopositive and tribonegative friction layers of FCM/CM-based triboelectric nanogenerators (FC-TENGs), respectively. This approach modulates the microstructure and triboelectric polarity of the friction materials in FC-TENGs, thus enhancing their triboelectric charge densities and contact areas. As a result, the assembled FC-TENGs demonstrate enhanced output performance (94 V, 8.5 µA, and 0.15 W/m2) and exceptional durability in 15,000 cycles. The prepared FC-TENGs with efficient energy harvesting capabilities can be implemented in practical applications to power various electronic devices. Our work strengthens the viability of cellulose-based TENGs for sustainable development and provides novel perspectives on the cost-effective and valuable utilization of cellulose in the future.
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Project description:Triboelectric nanogenerators have received significant research attention in recent years. Structural design plays a critical role in improving the energy harvesting performance of triboelectric nanogenerators. Here, we develop the magnetic capsulate triboelectric nanogenerators (MC-TENG) for energy harvesting under undesirable mechanical excitations. The capsulate TENG are designed to be driven by an oscillation-triggered magnetic force in a holding frame to generate electrical power due to the principle of the freestanding triboelectrification. Experimental and numerical studies are conducted to investigate the electrical performance of MC-TENG under cyclic loading in three energy harvesting modes. The results indicate that the energy harvesting performance of the MC-TENG is significantly affected by the structure of the capsulate TENG. The copper MC-TENG systems are found to be the most effective design that generates the maximum mode of the voltage range is 4 V in the closed-circuit with the resistance of 10 GΩ. The proposed MC-TENG concept provides an effective method to harvest electrical energy from low-frequency and low-amplitude oscillations such as ocean wave.
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Project description:The emerging triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) network shows great potential in harvesting the ocean wave energy, which can help to achieve large-scale clean wave power generation. However, due to the lack of an effective networking strategy and theoretical guidance, the practicability of the TENG network is heavily restricted. In this paper, based on the typical spherical TENG, we investigated the networking design of TENGs. Four fundamental forms of electrical networking topology are proposed for large-scale TENG networks, and the influences of cable resistance and output phase asynchrony of each unit to the network output were systematically investigated. The research results show that the forms of electrical networking topology can produce an important influence on the output power of large-scale TENG networks. This is the first strategy analysis for the TENG network, which provides a theoretical basis and a universal method for the optimization design of large-scale power networks.
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Project description:A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging energy harvesting technology utilizing multi-directional, wasted mechanical energies stemming from vibrations, winds, waves, body movements, etc. In this study, we report a comb-structured TENG (CTENG) capable of effectively scavenging multi-directional motions from human movements, which include walking, jumping, and running. By attaching CTENG to a person's calf, we obtain a root-mean-square (RMS) power value of 5.28 μW (i.e. 13.12 V and 0.4 μA) for 1 s during mild running action (~5 m/s), which is sufficient for powering 10 light emitting diodes (LEDs). We integrate a CTENG with a simple hand-held pendulum (HHP) system with a natural frequency of 5.5 Hz. The natural frequency and input energy of our HHP system can be easily controlled by changing the holder mass and initial bending displacement, thus producing different output behaviors for the CTENG. Under the optimal HHP-based CTENG system design, the maximum output reaches 116 V at 6.5 μA under 0.1 kg mass and 4 cm bending displacement conditions. The corresponding output energy is 52.7 μJ for an operation time of 10.8 s. Our HHP-CTENG system can sufficiently power 45 LEDs and shows different output performances by varying the driving velocity of a vehicle, thus demonstrating the possibility for a self-powered velocity monitoring system.
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Project description:To sustainably power electronics by harvesting mechanical energy using nanogenerators, energy storage is essential to supply a regulated and stable electric output, which is traditionally realized by a direct connection between the two components through a rectifier. However, this may lead to low energy-storage efficiency. Here, we rationally design a charging cycle to maximize energy-storage efficiency by modulating the charge flow in the system, which is demonstrated on a triboelectric nanogenerator by adding a motion-triggered switch. Both theoretical and experimental comparisons show that the designed charging cycle can enhance the charging rate, improve the maximum energy-storage efficiency by up to 50% and promote the saturation voltage by at least a factor of two. This represents a progress to effectively store the energy harvested by nanogenerators with the aim to utilize ambient mechanical energy to drive portable/wearable/implantable electronics.
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Project description:Surface wear is a major hindrance in the solid/solid interface of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), severely affecting their output performance and stability. To reduce the mechanical input and surface wear, solid/liquid-interface alternatives have been investigated; however, charge generation capability is still lower than that in previously reported solid/solid-interface TENGs. Thus, achieving triboelectric interface with high surface charge generation capability and low surface wear remains a technological challenge. Here, we employ metallic glass as one triboelectric interface and show it can enhance the triboelectrification efficiency by up to 339.2%, with improved output performance. Through mechanical and electrical characterizations, we show that metallic glass presents a lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance, as compared with copper. Attributed to their low atomic density and the absence of grain boundaries, all samples show a higher triboelectrification efficiency than copper. Additionally, the devices demonstrate excellent humidity resistance. Under different gas pressures, we also show that metallic glass-based triboelectric nanogenerators can approach the theoretical limit of charge generation, exceeding that of Cu-based TENG by 35.2%. A peak power density of 15 MW·m-2 is achieved. In short, this work demonstrates a humidity- and wear-resistant metallic glass-based TENG with high triboelectrification efficiency.
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Project description:Hybrid piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators constitute a new class of self-powered systems that exploit the synergy of piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanisms to improve energy harvesting efficencies and address the energy and power needs of portable and wearable electronic devices. The unique, synergistic electrical coupling mechanisms of piezoelectric and triboelectric effects increase the electric outputs and energy conversion efficiency of hybrid generators to beyond a linear summation of the contributions from individual triboelectric and piezoelectric mechanisms. Due to their large surface-area-to-volume ratios and outstanding mechanical, electronic and thermal properties, nanomaterials are favourable building blocks for constructing hybrid nanogenerators and represent a large family of flexible energy harvesting electronic structures and devices. Herein, we review the recent advances of hybrid piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators, with a particular focus on microstructure design, synergy mechanisms, and future research opportunities with significant potential for physiological monitoring, health care applications, transportation, and energy harvesting. The main strategies for improving electrical output performance are identified and examined, including novel nanostructures for increasing the contact area of the triboelectric pair, and nano-additives for enhancing the surface potential difference between the triboelectric pair and piezoelectric layers. Future applications and commercialization opportunities of these nanogenerators are also reviewed.
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