Increasing power in screening trials by testing control-arm specimens: application to multicancer detection screening.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cancer screening trials have required large sample sizes and long time-horizons to demonstrate cancer mortality reductions, the primary goal of cancer screening. We examine assumptions and potential power gains from exploiting information from testing control-arm specimens, which we call the "intended effect" (IE) analysis that we explain in detail herein. The IE analysis is particularly suited to tests that can be conducted on stored specimens in the control arm, such as stored blood for multicancer detection (MCD) tests.

Methods

We simulated hypothetical MCD screening trials to compare power and sample size for the standard vs IE analysis. Under two assumptions that we detail herein, we projected the IE analysis for 3 existing screening trials (National Lung Scr

SUBMITTER: Katki HA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11308171 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature