Associations of heavy metal exposure with diabetic retinopathy in the U.S. diabetic population: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Mounting evidence suggests a correlation between heavy metals exposure and diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent and irreversible complication of diabetes that can result in blindness. However, studies focusing on the effects of exposure to heavy metals on DR remain scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between heavy metals exposure and DR.

Methods

A total of 1,146 diabetics from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018 were included in this study. Heavy metal levels were measured via urine testing. Weighted logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were utilized to investigate the

SUBMITTER: Meng C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11324498 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature