Spectroelectrochemical study of carbon structural and functionality characteristics on vanadium redox reactions for flow batteries.

ABSTRACT: Vanadium redox flow batteries have applications for large-scale electricity storage. This paper reports the influence of carbon structural characteristics of sustainable walnut shell-derived carbons in carbon/polyvinylidene fluoride composite electrodes on vanadium redox reactions. Pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical treatment procedures were used to modify the structural characteristics of carbons. Carbon functional groups were modified by chemical treatment with HNO₃, heat treatment with K₂CO₃, and high-temperature NH₃ treatment. Carbon porous structures were characterized using gas adsorption studies. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the carbon molecular structure. Functional groups were characterized using

SUBMITTER: Phan HH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11325216 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature