Project description:The type series boundary and the name-bearing type designation of each cyclophorid taxon originally described by Godwin-Austen are clarified based on an interpretation that complies with the ICZN. Previous statuses of type specimens designated by previous authors are reconsidered. Lectotypes of Spiraculum oakesi Godwin-Austen, 1915, Spiraculum kempi Godwin-Austen, 1915, Pterocyclos aborensis Godwin-Austen, 1915, Pterocyclos miriensis Godwin-Austen, 1915, Pterocyclos brahmakundensis Godwin-Austen, 1915, Spiraculum luyorensis Godwin-Austen, 1915, Spiraculum putaoensis Godwin-Austen, 1915, and Theobaldius oakesi Godwin-Austen, 1915 are here designated to stabilize the existing nomenclature. In addition, the type specimens of Pterocyclos miriensis and Theobaldius oakesi are photographed and figured for the first time.
Project description:Members of the land snail genus SarikaGodwin-Austen 1907 are superficially similar and difficult to differentiate by their shell morphology so that their species limits are still unclear. In order to resolve the taxonomy of this group, a phylogenetic reconstruction of Sarika is presented, based on morphological and anatomical characters, as well as on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. In total, 23 species of Sarika are recognised in Thailand, and nine species are new to science, namely S. caligina Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. gratesi Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. inferospira Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. lactospira Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. megalogyne Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. melanospira Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. pellosa Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. solemi Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., and S. subheptagyra Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov. Results from genital examination and COI analyses confirm the monophyly of Sarika and its species. The intra- and inter-specific genetic distances of Sarika were 0-3.7% and 4.6-12.0%, respectively. Colour images of the living adults, shell, and genitalia along with SEM images of the spermatophore and radula are given. In addition, an identification key and a geographical distribution map of Sarika species are provided.
Project description:The sinistral Camaena species are mainly distributed in southern China and northern Vietnam. There is a total of eight species or subspecies of sinistral Camaena recorded at present. By systematically collecting specimens in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan in southern China and the northern areas in Vietnam, two new species, Camaena lingyunensis Zhou & Lin, sp. n. and Camaena detianensis Zhou & Lin, sp. n. have been discovered. These new species are here characterised based on the comparison of shells, their reproductive system, the molecular phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S, and the nuclear gene ITS2. Detailed descriptions of the morphological characters, the DNA sequences, and the habitat of the two new species are given. Differential comparisons with related species are provided as well as a key to the sinistral species of Camaena.
Project description:Abstract Central China harbors the native dart-sac-bearing camaenids Laeocathaica. The genus is revised and seven new species are proposed based on museum material and newly collected specimens. This work confirmed that most Laeocathaica species have restricted habitats. The comparison of the dart sac apparatus among the dart-sac-bearing camaenid genera indicated the importance of the presence of the proximal accessory sac that might be analogous to the membranous/muscular sac surrounding the proximal dart sac and/or the distal region of the vagina near the atrium, which also plays a significant role in the diagnosis of Laeocathaica species based on its number, symmetry and position on the dart sac. Species with similar shell morphology were studied using geometric morphometric methods to detect variations in shell shape. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16S and ITS2 sequence data of partial Laeocathaica species and many other dart-sac-bearing taxa suggested that Laeocathaica might be monophyletic. Furthermore, the present phylogeny indicated that Stilpnodiscus, Cathaica, Bradybaena, and Pseudobuliminus might be polyphyletic and therefore the taxonomy of dart-sac-bearing camaenids in this region requires a thorough revision. This work reconfirms that the Southern Gansu Plateau is important as a hotspot for malacodiversity conservation on the Chinese mainland.
Project description:Chloritisdelibrata (Benson, 1836), known from northeastern India, was believed to have three varietal forms, sometimes mentioned as subspecies: C.delibratavar.khasiensis (Nevill, 1877) and C.delibratavar.fasciata (Godwin-Austen, 1875) from the Khasi Hills, India, and C.delibratavar.procumbens (Gould, 1844) from Dawei in Myanmar. The reproductive anatomy of the latter form is known and does not match with those of any continental camaenid genera, but does with that of the newly examined Chloritisplatytropis Möllendorff, 1894 from Thailand. The latter species is conchologically similar to Bouchetcamaenahuberi Thach, 2018 (synonym of Helixfouresi Morlet, 1886), which is the type species of the genus Bouchetcamaena Thach, 2018. Thus, Bouchetcamaena can provisionally host the entire Chloritisdelibrata -group with the exception of var. fasciata, which is transferred to Burmochloritis Godwin-Austen, 1920 due to the multiple reddish bands on its shell. The examination of shells deposited in the Natural History Museum, London revealed that seven morphologically distinguishable forms are present, which are accepted here as representing distinct species. Four new species are described from India: Bouchetcamaenafoveata Páll-Gergely sp. nov., B.fusca Páll-Gergely sp. nov., B.raripila Páll-Gergely sp. nov., and B.subdelibrata Páll-Gergely sp. nov.
Project description:Thai terrestrial microsnails in the genus Aulacospira Möllendorff, 1890 are revised based on the collection of the Zoological Research Collection, Burapha University, Chonburi Province, Thailand and recently collected material. Three new species are described: Aulacospira nutadhirai sp.nov. from Southern Thailand, and Aulacospira tekavongae sp.nov. and Aulacospira vanwalleghemi sp. nov. from Eastern Thailand. The radula and genital system are described, and a key to Thai species is presented.
Project description:In this paper an overview of the Laeocathaica species is provided, and the intraspecific variability of several Laeocathaica species demonstrated on multiple shells. Laeocathaicahisanoi Páll-Gergely, sp. nov. and L.minwui Páll-Gergely, sp. nov. are described based on specimens found in museum collections. Five new synonyms are recognized: L.prionotropisalbocincta Möllendorff, 1899 is a new synonym of L.prionotropis Möllendorff, 1899, L.stenochone Möllendorff, 1899 is a new synonym of Laeocathaicacarinifera (H. Adams, 1870). Laeocathaicadistinguenda Möllendorff, 1899, L.tropidorhaphe Möllendorff, 1899, and L.dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004 are moved to the synonymy of Laeocathaicaamdoana Möllendorff, 1899. Furthermore, photos of paratypes of Cathaicabizonalis Chen & Zhang, 2004 are published for the first time.
Project description:The genus Bellatrachia Schileyko, 2018 was described based on a specimen identified as Helix (Chloritis) pseudomiara Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909. We concluded that the examined specimen is not that species, but Helixcondoriana Crosse & Fischer, 1863. Therefore, (1) the type species of Bellatrachia must be replaced with Helixcondoriana; (2) the species Helix (Chloritis) pseudomiara must be re-allocated to the genus Trichochloritis; (3) the erroneous treatment of the genus Trichochloritis by Schileyko (2007) needs to be corrected through the description of a new genus, Dentichloritis gen. nov. based on Helixbrevidens Sowerby I, 1841. In addition, Chloritismicrotricha Möllendorff, 1898 is treated as a synonym of Helixcondoriana, and further information on the genitalia of Chloritis (?) bifoveata (Benson, 1856) is presented.
Project description:Research in recent years have provided rapid advances in biogeographic and taxonomic documentation of sea slugs around the world. However, efforts are lacking in surveying most coastlines and habitats in South-East Asia. Recent studies from the Gulf of Thailand have indicated that a wealth of unexplored sea slug diversity and ecology may be gained from an investigation of soft sediment habitats beyond the reef slopes. Additionally, the waters of Koh Tao have been found to host regionally high levels of sea slug diversity with several species awaiting taxonomic clarification. In this work the initial findings of an expanded survey effort from the waters around Koh Tao are provided, with the identity of two soft sediment-associated sacoglossan species in the family Plakobranchidae being investigated. By integrating morphological and molecular analyses, the species Plakobranchus noctisstellatus sp. nov. and Elysia aowthai sp. nov. are described and species complexes surrounding Plakobranchus ocellatus van Hasselt, 1824 and Elysia japonica Eliot, 1913 are discussed. The topics of morphological variability and the cryptic species problem are also discussed.
Project description:Two new sinistral species of the genus Satsuma A. Adams, 1868, Satsumasquamigera sp. n. and Satsumaadiriensis sp. n., from southern Taiwan are described. Satsumasquamigera sp. n. is characterized by a microsculpture comprising coarse, irregularly-spaced ridges and dense, easily-dislodged triangular scales on its sinistral shell, an angulated periphery, and partly-opened umbilicus. This species inhabits secondary forests in lowland hills. Satsumaadiriensis sp. n. is characterized by a thin, fragile smooth shell with microsculpture of coarse, loose ridges, a rounded periphery, completely-opened umbilicus, and elongated penial verge formed by two main pilasters. This new species was collected in a mountainous, mid-elevation, broad-leafed forest.