Dataset Information

Evolutionary bioenergetics of ciliates.

ABSTRACT: Understanding why various organisms evolve alternative ways of living requires information on both the fitness advantages of phenotypic modifications and the costs of constructing and operating cellular features. Although the former has been the subject of a myriad of ecological studies, almost no attention has been given to how organisms allocate resources to alternative structures and functions. We address these matters by capitalizing on an array of observations on diverse ciliate species and from the emerging field of evolutionary bioenergetics. A relatively robust and general estimator for the total cost of a cell per cell cycle (in units of ATP equivalents) is provided, and this is then used to understand how the magnitudes of various investments scale with cell size. Among other things, we examine the costs associated with the large macronuclear genomes of ciliates, as well as ribosomes, various internal membranes, osmoregulation, cilia, and swimming activities. Although a number of uncertainties remain, the general approach taken may serve as blueprint for expanding this line of work to additional traits and phylogenetic lineages.

SUBMITTER: Lynch M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11336482 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Evolutionary bioenergetics of ciliates.

Lynch Michael M Schavemaker Paul E PE Licknack Timothy J TJ Hao Yue Y Pezzano Arianna A

The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 20220728 5

Understanding why various organisms evolve alternative ways of living requires information on both the fitness advantages of phenotypic modifications and the costs of constructing and operating cellular features. Although the former has been the subject of a myriad of ecological studies, almost no attention has been given to how organisms allocate resources to alternative structures and functions. We address these matters by capitalizing on an array of observations on diverse ciliate species and ...[more]

PMID: 35778890

Similar Datasets

Project description:Human bioenergetics has been incorporated into the palaeobiology of human ancestors during the last years to broaden our understanding of Human Evolution. The hypotheses based solely on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the fossil record, cannot easily explain many of the questions about the physiology of past humans. Data on the energetics and physiology of recent humans, together with comprehensive analyses of body proportions and body composition in relation to human metabolism, are needed to understand the evolutionary constraints of hominin ecophysiology. Furthermore, specific datasets including energetic data from modern humans are required to model hominin palaeophysiology. EVOBREATH Datasets were gradually developed since 2013 to store and manage all the data obtained in the Research Programs on Experimental Energetics developed by the Palaeophisiology and Human Ecology Group and the Palaeoecology of Mammals Group of the National Research centre on Human Evolution (CENIEH, Burgos, Spain). All experimental tests were developed either in the CENIEH BioEnergy and Motion Lab (LabBioEM) or in the field, using mobile devices. Datasets include quantitative experimental data related to human anthropometry (Height, Weight, all postcranial dimensions and segments, including hands and feet, and computation of anatomical indices), body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, muscular mass, body water), and energetics (resting metabolic rate and energetic expenditure in different physical activities, oxygen consumption (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production measured breath-by-breath) obtained in multiple studies with in vivo subjects of different ages (adults, adolescents and children) and both sexes (n = 501). These datasets are useful to optimize the time-consuming process of generating experimental data and to facilitate their reuse by the scientific community. Researchers can readily employ the datasets in their own research endeavours.

Project description:BackgroundTubulins are major components of the eukaryotic cytoskeletons that are crucial in many cellular processes. Ciliated protists comprise one of the oldest eukaryotic lineages possessing cilia over their cell surface and assembling many diverse microtubular structures. As such, ciliates are excellent model organisms to clarify the origin and evolution of tubulins in the early stages of eukaryote evolution. Nonetheless, the evolutionary history of the tubulin subfamilies within and among ciliate classes is unclear.ResultsWe analyzed the evolutionary pattern of ciliate tubulin gene family based on genomes/transcriptomes of 60 species covering 10 ciliate classes. Results showed: (1) Six tubulin subfamilies (α_Tub, β_Tub, γ_Tub, δ_Tub, ε_Tub, and ζ_Tub) originated from the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) were observed within ciliates. Among them, α_Tub, β_Tub, and γ_Tub were present in all ciliate species, while δ_Tub, ε_Tub, and ζ_Tub might be independently lost in some species. (2) The evolutionary history of the tubulin subfamilies varied. Evolutionary history of ciliate γ_Tub, δ_Tub, ε_Tub, and ζ_Tub showed a certain degree of consistency with the phylogeny of species after the divergence of ciliate classes, while the evolutionary history of ciliate α_Tub and β_Tub varied among different classes. (3) Ciliate α- and β-tubulin isoforms could be classified into an "ancestral group" present in LECA and a "divergent group" containing only ciliate sequences. Alveolata-specific expansion events probably occurred within the "ancestral group" of α_Tub and β_Tub. The "divergent group" might be important for ciliate morphological differentiation and wide environmental adaptability. (4) Expansion events of the tubulin gene family appeared to be consistent with whole genome duplication (WGD) events in some degree. More Paramecium-specific tubulin expansions were detected than Tetrahymena-specific ones. Compared to other Paramecium species, the Paramecium aurelia complex underwent a more recent WGD which might have experienced more tubulin expansion events.ConclusionsEvolutionary history among different tubulin gene subfamilies seemed to vary within ciliated protists. And the complex evolutionary patterns of tubulins among different ciliate classes might drive functional diversification. Our investigation provided meaningful information for understanding the evolution of tubulin gene family in the early stages of eukaryote evolution.

Project description:The cellular architecture of ciliates is one of the most complex known within eukaryotes. Detailed systematic schemes have thus been constructed through extensive comparative morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the ciliature and of its internal cytoskeletal derivatives (the infraciliature), as well as of the architecture of the oral apparatus. In recent years, a consensus was reached in which the phylum was divided in eight classes as defined by Lynn and Corliss [Lynn, D. H. & Corliss, J. O. (1991) in Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates: Protozoa (Wiley-Liss, New York), Vol. 1, pp. 333-467]. By comparing partial sequences of the large subunit rRNA molecule, and by using both distance-matrix and maximum-parsimony-tree construction methods (checked by boot-strapping), we examine the phylogenetic relationships of 22 species belonging to seven of these eight classes. At low taxonomic levels, the traditional grouping of the species is generally confirmed. At higher taxonomic levels, the branching pattern of these seven classes is resolved in several deeply separated major branches. Surprisingly, the first emerging one contains the heterotrichs and is strongly associated with a karyorelictid but deeply separated from hypotrichs. The litostomes, the oligohymenophorans, and the hypotrichs separate later in a bush-like topology hindering the resolution of their order of diversification. These results show a much more ancient origin of heterotrichs than was classically assumed, indicating that asymmetric, abundantly ciliated oral apparatuses do not correspond to "highly evolved" traits as previously thought. They also suggest the occurrence of a major radiative explosion in the evolutionary history of the ciliates, yielding five of the eight classes of the phylum. These classes appear to differ essentially according to the cytoskeletal architecture used to shape and sustain the cellular cortex (a process of essential adaptative and morphogenetic importance in ciliates).

Dataset Information

Evolutionary bioenergetics of ciliates.

Publications

Evolutionary bioenergetics of ciliates.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets