Living donor liver transplantation can be a rescue treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC11336548 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe indications for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continue to evolve. The aim of this study was to report outcomes in patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for HCC outside traditional criteria including macrovascular invasion (MVI).MethodsWe reviewed outcomes in patients who met the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria (n = 159) and our center-specific criteria (UCSF+) (largest tumor diameter ≤ 10 cm, any tumor number, AFP ≤ 1000 ng/ml) (n = 58). We also assessed outcomes in patients with MVI (n = 27).ResultsThe median follow was 28 (10.6-42.7) months. The 5 year overall survival and risk of recurrence (RR) in the UCSF and UCSF + group was 71% vs 69% (P = 0.7) and 13% vs 36% (P = 0.1) respectively. When patients with AFP > 600 ng/ml were excluded from the UCSF + group, RR was 27% (P = 0.3). Among patients with MVI who had downstaging (DS), 4/5(80%) in low-risk group (good response and AFP ≤ 100 ng/ml) and 2/10 (20%) in the high-risk group (poor response or AFP > 100 ng/ml) were alive at the last follow-up. When DS was not feasible, 3/3 (100%) in the low-risk group (AFP ≤ 100 ng/ml + Vp1-2 MVI) and 1/9 (9.1%) in the high-risk group (AFP > 100 or Vp3 MVI) were alive. The 5 year OS in the low-risk MVI group was 85% (P = 0.003).ConclusionWith inclusion of AFP, response to downstaging and degree of MVI, acceptable survival can be achieved with LDLT for HCC outside traditional criteria.
| S-EPMC8752562 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundValidating the expanded criteria for living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma using national data is highly significant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the new Japanese criteria for living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma patients and identify factors associated with a poor prognosis using the Japanese national data set.MethodsThe study population comprised patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma at 37 centres in Japan between 2010 and 2018. In a nationwide survey, the overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were evaluated based on the new Japanese criteria for applying the 5-5-500 rule when extending the indication beyond the Milan criteria. Prognostic factors within the Japanese criteria were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsPatients within (485 patients) and beyond (31 patients) the Japanese criteria exhibited 5-year overall survival rates of 81% and 58% and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of 77% and 48% respectively. Patients who met the Milan criteria, but not the 5-5-500 rule, had poorer outcomes. Multivariate analysis for 474 patients identified a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio greater than or equal to 5 and a history of hepatectomy as independent risk factors.ConclusionThis nationwide survey confirms the validity of the Japanese criteria. The poor prognostic factors within the Japanese criteria include a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio greater than or equal to 5 and previous hepatectomy.
| S-EPMC11295212 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBarcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B (intermediate stage) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly heterogeneous; thus, identifying the most effective treatment for individual patients represents a significant clinical challenge. However, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the only recommended treatment option. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patient characteristics and outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for BCLC stage B HCC.MethodsA total of 516 patients with BCLC stage B HCC who underwent LDLT (n=104) or did not undergo LDLT (non-LDLT; n=412) between 2004 to 2018 were analyzed by propensity score matching (PSM; 1:4) analysis. Factors influencing overall survival (OS) and recurrence were analyzed using Cox's proportional hazards models.ResultsPatients treated with LDLT achieved better OS than the non-LDLT group, including liver- and non-liver related survival (all P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed age >60 years (P=0.006), a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >4 (P=0.016) and >3 locoregional therapies (LRT) before LDLT (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence. In addition, age >60 years (P<0.001) and >3 LRT before LDLT (P=0.001) were independent risk factors for OS. Using a combination of age, NLR, and LRT before liver transplantation (LT), the patients can be divided into low-risk (none of risk), intermediate-risk (one of risk), and high risk (more than two of risk) groups. There were significant differences in the cumulative HCC recurrence (P<0.001) and mortality (P<0.001) rates among the three groups.ConclusionsLDLT may represent a valuable therapeutic option for selected patients with BCLC stage B HCC.
| S-EPMC10129878 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimA potential solution to the deceased organ shortage is to include live organ donations and to identify patients with lower rates of HCC recurrence to fairly allocate liver grafts. Our aims were to detect the long-term outcomes of LDLT versus DDLT for HCC and predictors of recurrence after transplantation.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies from inception to July 2021 and a systematic review and meta-analysis were done.Results35 studies with a total of 7822 patients were included. The 1-, 3-, 4 year-OS showed trivial improvement for LDLT recipients. However, the two modalities had similar 5-, 6- and 10-year OS. A significant improvement in the ITT-OS was observed for LDLT recipients. Regarding the DFS and recurrence after transplantation, no significant difference was observed between LDLT and DDLT. In addition to that, the pooled hazard ratio of the included studies showed that Milan criteria, level of AFP, presence of vascular invasion, tumor differentiation were significant predictors of recurrence.ConclusionThe cancer biology (not the graft type) is the most important determinant of recurrence and survival after LT. However, LDLT provided much better survival benefits to HCC patients especially in regions that suffer from low deceased organ availability.
| S-EPMC9894961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The introduction of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been one of the most remarkable steps in the field of liver transplantation (LT). First introduced for children in 1989, its adoption for adults has followed only 10 years later. As the demand for LT continues to increase, LDLT provides life-saving therapy for many patients who would otherwise die awaiting a cadaveric organ. In recent years, LDLT has been shown to be a clinically safe addition to deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) and has been able to significantly extend the scarce donor pool. As long as the donor shortage continues to increase, LDLT will play an important role in the future of LT.
| S-EPMC2131378 | biostudies-other
Project description:For patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib is the only systemic treatment recommended by international guidelines. We recently reported that HCC patients with a low MoRAL (model to predict tumor recurrence after LDLT) score (≤ 314.8) have excellent treatment outcomes after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT), even though they are beyond the Milan criteria. In the present study, we investigated whether LDLT offers a better treatment outcome than sorafenib for patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria according to the MoRAL score. A retrospective cohort study of 325 consecutive patients who were treated with either LDLT (n = 122) or sorafenib (n = 203) for HCC beyond the Milan criteria from 2005 to 2014 at a tertiary hospital was performed. The primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and time-to-progression. When baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability weighting, OS was significantly longer in the LDLT group than in the sorafenib group (5-year OS rate, 71.9% vs. 4.9%; HR=0.1; P < 0.001). The LDLT group exhibited a significantly lower risk of tumor progression (5-year recurrence rate, 34.7% vs. 96%; HR=0.14; P < 0.001) than the sorafenib group. The increase in OS with LDLT was predominantly among patients with a low MoRAL score (5-year OS rate, 81.1% vs. 5.8%; HR=0.06; P < 0.001) compared with those with a high MoRAL score (5-year OS rate, 28.3% vs. 4.3%; HR = 0.42; P = 0.047). Patients with a low MoRAL score and without extrahepatic metastasis or hepatic vein invasion might be good candidates for LDLT instead of sorafenib treatment if there is a willing living related donor.
| S-EPMC5564586 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundsInadequate liver volume and weight is a major source of morbidity and mortality after adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The purpose of our study was to investigate HCC recurrence, graft failure, and patient survival according to change in right liver graft weight after histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution perfusion in LDLT.MethodsTwo hundred twenty-eight patients underwent LDLT between 2013 and 2017. We calculated the change in graft weight by subtracting pre-perfusion graft weight from post-perfusion graft weight. Patients with increased graft weight were defined as the positive group, and patients with decreased graft weight were defined as the negative group.ResultsAfter excluding patients who did not meet study criteria, 148 patients underwent right or extended right hepatectomy. The negative group included 89 patients (60.1%), and the positive group included 59 patients (39.9%). Median graft weight change was -28 g (range; -132-0 g) in the negative group and 21 g (range; 1-63 g) in the positive group (P<0.001). Median hospitalization time was longer for the positive group than the negative group (27 days vs. 23 days; P=0.048). There were no statistical differences in tumor characteristics, postoperative complications, early allograft dysfunction, or acute rejection between the two groups. Disease-free survival, death-censored graft survival, and patient survival were lower in the positive group than the negative group. Additionally, the positive group showed strong association with HCC recurrence, death-censored graft survival, and patient survival in multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis study suggests that positive graft weight change during HTK solution perfusion indicates poor prognosis in LDLT.
| S-EPMC7945034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlthough a number of technical problems and donor safety issues associated with living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have been resolved, some initial clinical studies showed an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in LDLT. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess differences in tumor recurrence between LDLT and deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT).MethodsAfter systematic retrievals of studies about LDLT and DDLT for HCC, articles were selected with a rationale of emphasizing inter-group comparability. Results from multivariate analyses were combined and discussed together with univariate analyses. In subgroup analysis, the impact of organ allocation policy was taken into consideration.ResultsSeven articles were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, a salient result that emerged from the seven studies was a significant increased risk of HCC recurrence in the LDLT group than in the DDLT group (P = 0.01). The most significant increase in hazard ratio was found in studies where organs tended to be allocated to non-tumor patients.ConclusionsAn increased risk for HCC recurrence in LDLT as compared with DDLT patients was found. The relatively shorter preoperative observation windows in LDLT may lead to fewer cases of HCC with invasive features being screened out, which may provide a possible explanation for the high rates of HCC recurrence.
| S-EPMC6616234 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Adult-to-adult living donors and recipients were studied to characterize patterns of liver growth and identify associated factors in a multicenter study. Three hundred and fifty donors and 353 recipients in the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study (A2ALL) receiving transplants between March 2003 and February 2010 were included. Potential predictors of 3-month liver volume included total and standard liver volumes (TLV and SLV), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (in recipients), the remnant and graft size, remnant-to-donor and graft-to-recipient weight ratios (RDWR and GRWR), remnant/TLV, and graft/SLV. Among donors, 3-month absolute growth was 676 ± 251 g (mean ± SD), and percentage reconstitution was 80% ± 13%. Among recipients, GRWR was 1.3% ± 0.4% (8 < 0.8%). Graft weight was 60% ± 13% of SLV. Three-month absolute growth was 549 ± 267 g, and percentage reconstitution was 93% ± 18%. Predictors of greater 3-month liver volume included larger patient size (donors and recipients), larger graft volume (recipients), and larger TLV (donors). Donors with the smallest remnant/TLV ratios had larger than expected growth but also had higher postoperative bilirubin and international normalized ratio at 7 and 30 days. In a combined donor-recipient analysis, donors had smaller 3-month liver volumes than recipients adjusted for patient size, remnant or graft volume, and TLV or SLV (P = 0.004). Recipient graft failure in the first 90 days was predicted by poor graft function at day 7 (HR = 4.50, P = 0.001) but not by GRWR or graft fraction (P > 0.90 for each). Both donors and recipients had rapid yet incomplete restoration of tissue mass in the first 3 months, and this confirmed previous reports. Recipients achieved a greater percentage of expected total volume. Patient size and recipient graft volume significantly influenced 3-month volumes. Importantly, donor liver volume is a critical predictor of the rate of regeneration, and donor remnant fraction affects postresection function. Liver Transpl 21:79-88, 2015. © 2014 AASLD.
| S-EPMC4276514 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimThe number of loco-regional therapies (LRTs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased dramatically during the past decade, bridging or downstaging patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of LRTs prior to living donor liver transplantation in patients with HCC.MethodsSixty-two HCC patients received living donor liver transplantation at Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplantation over a 2-year period. Data from 29 HCC patients were analyzed. Twenty patients (68.97%) met the Milan Criteria and 4 patients (13.8%) exceeded the Milan Criteria, but met the University of California, San Francisco Criteria. Five patients (17.2%) exceeded the University of California, San Francisco Criteria. All patients underwent preoperative LRTs. The protocol of bridging/downstaging, methods, duration of follow-up, the number of patients who were successfully downstaged before liver transplantation (LT), and their outcomes after LT were recorded.ResultsThere was a decrease in the mean overall size of focal lesions (from mean 5.46 to 4.11 cm) in the last abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan after LRT (p=0.0018). Discrepancies between the radiological findings and histopathology were as follows: in 16 patients (55.17%) the CT findings were consistent with the histopathological examination of the explanted liver. Underestimated tumor stage was documented in 10 patients (34.48%), and was overestimated by CT scan findings in 3 patients (10.34%). The 1-year survival rate was 93%. No patient had HCC recurrence after median follow-up of 21 months (range 1-46 months).ConclusionThese results encouraged tumor bridging/downstaging as a potential treatment option among carefully selected patients with HCC beyond conventional criteria for LT. Further studies on a large number of patients are necessary.
| S-EPMC5833771 | biostudies-literature