Trends of electronic cigarette use among adolescents: A bibliometric analysis
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SUBMITTER: Chen W
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11339947 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:INTRODUCTION:Research shows that adolescents who are overweight or obese may be at greater risk of cigarette smoking, and that this relationship may vary by gender. However, this relationship is understudied for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Given the high rate of adolescent obesity and the rise in e-cigarette use in adolescents, this relationship should be investigated. METHODS:Data are from the third wave (collected October 2015-January 2016) of the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance system. Students were in the seventh, ninth, and 11th grades (n=2,733) from five counties surrounding four major Texas metropolitan areas (Houston, Austin, San Antonio, Dallas). Weighted logistic regression was used to determine if weight status (healthy weight, overweight, or obese) was correlated with ever and past 30-day cigarette or e-cigarette use, controlling for sociodemographics. Models were stratified by gender. Data analyses were conducted in March 2017. RESULTS:Compared with healthy-weight boys, obese boys had higher odds of past 30-day e-cigarette use (AOR=3.45, 95% CI=1.34, 8.33) and cigarette smoking (AOR=4.52, 95% CI=1.32, 15.51). There was no significant relationship between weight status and cigarette or e-cigarette use in girls. CONCLUSIONS:This study supports that there is a positive relationship between weight status and past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use for boys, but that there is no association for girls.
| S-EPMC5736419 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimsThe impact of electronic cigarettes (ECs) on nicotine use is hotly debated: some fear that ECs are a 'catalyst' to conventional smoking, while others argue that they divert adolescents from the more harmful product. This study used simulation modeling to evaluate the plausibility of catalyst and diversion hypotheses against real-world data.DesignA simulation model represented life-time exclusive EC use, exclusive conventional smoking and dual use as separate subpopulations. The 'catalyst' effect was modeled as EC use increasing dual use initiation (i.e. EC users also start smoking). The 'diversion' effect was modeled as EC use decreasing exclusive cigarette initiation. The model was calibrated using data from the US National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). The plausibility of each scenario was evaluated by comparing simulated trends with NYTS data. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to estimate the magnitude of a diversion effect through simulation.SettingUnited States.Participants and measurementsAdolescents aged 12-17 years in NYTS, a cross-sectional study from 2000 to 2019 (n = 12 500 to 31 000 per wave). Exclusive cigarette use, exclusive EC use and dual use of both products were defined using cumulative life-time criteria (100+ cigarettes smoked and/or > 100 days vaped).FindingsA null model (no catalyst or diversion) over-predicts NYTS smoking by up to 87%. Under the conservative assumption that the catalyst effect accounts for all dual use, an exponential decay constant of 19.6% EC users/year initiating smoking is required; however, this further over-predicts actual smoking by up to 109%. A diversion effect with an exponential decay constant of 55.4%/year or 65.4%/year, with the maximum possible opposing catalyst effect also active, is required optimally to match NYTS smoking trends (root mean square error = 286 632 versus 391 396 in the null model).ConclusionsA simulation model shows that a substantial diversion effect is needed to explain observed nicotine use trends among US adolescents, and it must be larger than any possible opposing catalyst effect, if present.
| S-EPMC8172422 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceMany studies have reported a positive association of youth electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use with subsequent cigarette smoking initiation, but it remains unclear whether e-cigarette use is associated with continued cigarette smoking after initiation.ObjectiveTo assess the association of youth baseline e-cigarette use with their continued cigarette smoking 2 years after initiation.Design, setting, and participantsThe Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a national longitudinal cohort study. This sample consisted of youth who participated in waves 3, 4, and 5 of the study (wave 3 was from October 2015 to October 2016, wave 4 was from December 2016 to January 2018, and wave 5 was from December 2018 to November 2019) and had never used cigarettes (cigarette-naive) by wave 3. The current analysis used multivariable logistic regressions in August 2022 to assess the association between e-cigarette use among cigarette-naive adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in 2015 and 2016 and subsequent continued cigarette smoking. PATH uses audio computer-assisted self-interviewing and computer-assisted personal interviewing to collect data.ExposuresEver and current (past 30-day) use of e-cigarettes in wave 3.Main outcomes and measuresContinued cigarette smoking in wave 5 after initiating smoking in wave 4.ResultsThe current sample included 8671 adolescents who were cigarette naive in wave 3 and also participated in waves 4 and 5; 4823 of the participants (55.4%) were aged 12 to 14 years, 4454 (51.1%) were male, and 3763 (51.0%) were non-Hispanic White. Overall, regardless of e-cigarette use, few adolescents (362 adolescents [4.1%]) initiated cigarette smoking at wave 4, and even fewer (218 participants [2.5%]) continued smoking at wave 5. Controlling for multiple covariates, the adjusted odds ratio of baseline ever e-cigarette use, compared with never e-cigarette use, was 1.81 (95% CI, 1.03 to 3.18) for continued smoking measured as past 30-day smoking at wave 5. However, the adjusted risk difference (aRD) was small and not significant. The aRD was 0.88 percentage point (95% CI, -0.13 to 1.89 percentage points) for continued smoking, with the absolute risk being 1.19% (95% CI, 0.79% to 1.59%) for never e-cigarette users and 2.07% (95% CI, 1.01% to 3.13%) for ever e-cigarette users. Similar results were found using an alternative measure of continued smoking (lifetime ≥100 cigarettes and current smoking at wave 5) and using baseline current e-cigarette use as the exposure measure.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, absolute and relative measures of risks yielded findings suggesting very different interpretations of the association. Although there were statistically significant odds ratios of continued smoking comparing baseline e-cigarette users with nonusers, the minor risk differences between them, along with the small absolute risks, suggest that few adolescents are likely to continue smoking after initiation regardless of baseline e-cigarette use.
| S-EPMC10043747 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis systematic review of prospective longitudinal primary studies sought to determine whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by teenagers who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequently commencing tobacco cigarette smoking.MethodsThe review followed the principles of a systematic review and meta-analysis. A key word search identified peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using pre-prepared inclusion/exclusion criteria two researchers independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Selected articles were quality assessed in duplicate. Data on study participants characteristics, exposure and outcome measures were recorded in an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Feasibility assessment was done to detect clinical heterogeneity and choose an approach to meta-analysis. Analysis comprised pairwise random effects meta-analyses, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ResultsFrom the 6619 studies identified, 14 one-off primary studies in 21 articles were suitable for inclusion. The participants ages ranged from 13 to 19 years and comprised teenagers based in Europe and North America. Nine of the 14 one-off studies, with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months, met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48, I2 68%, 9 primary studies) times higher odds of commencing tobacco cigarette smoking for teenagers who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, though the odds ratio were marginally lower (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86, I2 35%, 4 primary studies) when only the four high-quality studies were analysed.ConclusionThe systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with commencement of tobacco cigarette smoking among teenagers in Europe and North America, identifying an important health-related harm. Given the availability and usage of e-cigarettes, this study provides added support for urgent response by policymakers to stop their use by teenagers to decrease direct harms in this susceptible population group, as well as to conserve achievements in diminishing tobacco cigarette initiation.
| S-EPMC8173887 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceDespite increasing use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and related health effects among youth, few studies have reported their effects on eyes.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency and severity of ocular symptoms (ocular discomfort, pain, burning, itching, redness, dryness, glare, blurriness, strain, and headaches) in young e-cigarette and cigarette users.Design, setting, and participantsIn an observational cross-sectional study, a survey conducted in May 6 to 14, 2020, asked participants about use (ever, past 30 days, and past 7 days) of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. The participants included US individuals aged 13 to 24 years.Main outcomes and measuresAssociations between vision-related outcomes (general vision, severity/frequency of ocular symptoms) and tobacco use were analyzed using weighted multivariable logistic regressions, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, contact lens use, and other combustible use.ResultsThere were 2168 never users, 2183 ever users, 1092 past 30-day users, and 919 past 7-day users of e-cigarettes; 55.9% of e-cigarette ever users also used cigarettes (dual users). Of the 4351 respondents, 63.8% identified as female, and mean (SD) age was 19.1 (2.9) years. Between 1.1% and 3.9% of ever dual users reported severe to very severe ocular symptoms; between 0.9% and 4.3% reported daily symptoms, which was higher than the proportion of symptoms in e-cigarette- or cigarette-only users. Past 7-day dual users had more severe itching (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.37; 95% CI, 1.36-4.13; P = .002), redness (AOR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.50-4.46; P = .001), dryness (AOR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.64-5.08; P < .001), glare (AOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.50-4.35; P = .001), blurriness (AOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.36-4.50; P = .003), headaches (AOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.34-4.00; P = .003); and more frequent pain (AOR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.09-5.68; P < .001), burning (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.86-5.09; P < .001), and redness (AOR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.69-4.36; P < .001) than all other participants. Past 30-day dual users had more severe dryness (AOR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.61-4.36; P < .001) and more frequent pain (AOR, 3.33; 95% CI, 2.12-5.21; P < .001) than all other participants. Ever dual users experienced more severe dryness (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05-2.43; P = .03) and blurriness (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21-2.64; P = .003) and more frequent pain (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13-2.53; P = .01) and blurriness (AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.36; P = .009) than never users.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional US study, adolescents and young adult users of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes had a higher likelihood of experiencing severe and frequent ocular symptoms, with past 7-day users reporting more symptoms than past 30-day users or ever users. These findings provide additional reasons for users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes to reduce their tobacco use to possibly prevent or minimize ocular symptoms.
| S-EPMC10472265 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The microbiome is increasingly being linked to cancer risk. Little is known about the lung and oral cavity microbiomes in healthy smokers (SM), and even less for electronic cigarette (EC) users, compared healthy never-smokers (NS). Methods: In a cross-sectional pilot study of SM (N=8), EC users (N=10) and NS (N=10) saliva and bronchoscopy-collected bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected. Bacteria species were identified through metatranscriptome profiling by RNA-sequencing to study associations with the lung and oral microbiome. Pairwise comparisons and linear modeling was assessed with false discovery rates <0.1. Results: Total bacterial load was similar for the SM, EC users and NS, and there was no differences in the bacterial diversity across groups. In the lung, there were 44 bacterial species that were statistically significantly different for SM/NS, 80% of which were decreased in the SM. There were 12 bacterial species that were different for SM/EC users, all of which were decreased, 10 of which were also identified in the SM/NS comparison. The 2 bacterial species unique to SM/EC comparison were Neisseria sp. KEM232 and Curvibacter sp. AEP1-3. From the top 5 decreased species in SM/EC, 3 were also identified in the SM/NS comparison (Neisseria elongata, Neisseria sicca, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae) and 2 of these were unique to the SM/EC comparison (Neisseria zoodegmatis and Ottowia sp. oral taxon 894). There were 8 species increased in SM compared to NS, none of which are known to be clinically significant. In the oral microbiome, 152 bacteria species were differentially abundant for the SM/NS analysis, and only 17 for the EC/NS comparison, all which were also present in SM/NS comparisons. There were 21 bacteria that were differentially abundant in both the lung and oral cavity for SM and NS, 95% also were decreased in the SM. Conclusion: Smoking and EC use do not appear to materially affect the lung microbiome, although differences are noted of unclear clinical significance. Most differentially abundant bacteria decreased, which may be due to a toxic effect of cigarette smoke, including a change in humidity or heating. Given the low number of overlapping oral and lung microbes, the oral microbiome does not appear to be a good surrogate for smoking-related effects in the lung.
2022-07-13 | GSE180785 | GEO
Project description:Electronic cigarettes (EC) are increasing in popularity, but there is only little information on their biologic effects on the oral epithelium, the initial site exposed to EC smoke. We assessed the oral epithelium response to EC by comparing the histology and RNA transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) of healthy EC vapers to nonsmokers (NS). mRNA was assessed based on: (1) genome-wide; (2) genes previously identified as dysregulated in the oral epithelium of EC vapers vs NS; (3) immune and inflammatory-related genes previously identified as dysregulated in the nasal epithelium of EC vapers compared to NS; (4) genes previously identified as dysregulated in the small airway epithelium of NS following an acute exposure to EC; and (5) genes related to the initial steps of COVID-19 infection. In addition, miRNA was assessed genome-wide. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA, and Benajmini-Hochberg corrected p <0.05 was considered significant. The histology of the epithelium, lamina propria and basal layer in EC vapers appeared normal. Assessment of mRNA and miRNA, based on all gene lists, did not identify any genes significantly modified in the oral epithelium of EC vapers. Assessment of the oral epithelium of healthy EC vapers by histology, mRNA and miRNA demonstrated no abnormalities in response to EC smoke.
2025-06-05 | GSE176492 | GEO
Project description:PurposeThis study evaluated whether e-cigarette trial among Mexican adolescents increased the likelihood of trial and use of conventional cigarettes or marijuana use at follow-up.MethodA school-based longitudinal survey was conducted in 60 public middle schools from the three largest cities in Mexico. Students (12-13years old) were surveyed in 2015 and followed up 20 months later (n=6574). Generalized estimating equations models were used to evaluate the association between e-cigarette trial at baseline and conventional cigarettes smoking and marijuana use at follow-up.ResultAdolescents who had tried e-cigarettes (but not cigarettes) at baseline were more likely to have tried conventional cigarettes at followup compared to adolescents who had tried neither e-cigarettes nor cigarettes (43% vs. 24%, respectively; RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18-1.70). We also found that adolescents who had tried both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes at baseline were more likely to have tried marijuana at follow-up compared to adolescents who had tried neither tobacco product (20% vs. 4%, respectively; RR 2.67, 95% CI 1.78-4.02). Trial of only e-cigarettes was not independently associated with marijuana use at followup.ConclusionsAdolescents who had tried e-cigarettes were more likely to have tried conventional cigarettes and marijuana 20 months later. Although e-cigarettes have been banned in Mexico, it is likely that additional policies and public health campaigns are needed to reduce adolescent use of e-cigarettes and its consequences.
| S-EPMC5771440 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:Develop and validate a scale that measures Technophilia (positive orientation toward new technology) and use it to address orientation toward new technologies to explain e-cigarette trial and adoption, especially in relatively low risk adolescents. METHODS:Survey data were obtained from students of the three largest cities in Mexico (n?=?8123). We developed eight questions involving access, use and pleasure from different electronic media to measure technophilia. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. Linear GEE models were used when regressing technophilia on covariates. When regressing e-cigarette and conventional cigarette trial and use, logistic GEE models were used. Finally, we used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the associations between technophilia and e-cigarettes as the first tobacco product. RESULTS:Technophilia were correlated with theoretically-related variables. Unadjusted and adjusted models regressing e-cigarette trial and use indicated that students in the highest quartile for technophilia were more likely to have tried e-cigarettes compared with the lowest quartile (AORQ4 vs Q1?=?1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.62). Technophilia was not independently associated with current e-cigarette use in adjusted models. Students with higher technophilia were more likely to have first tried e-cigarettes in both crude and adjusted models (AORQ4vQ1?=?1.66, 95% CI 1.20-2.31; AORQ3vQ1?=?1.43, 95% CI 1.02-2.01). Technophilia did not have a statistically significant, independent association with first use of other tobacco products. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that technophilia is associated with trial of e-cigarettes among youth. The measure we developed appears useful for understanding why some youth are open to trying novel, technologically oriented ways to consume nicotine.
| S-EPMC6358480 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceUse of electronic cigarettes (often called e-cigarettes) has increased considerably among young people in the past 5 years. Use of e-cigarettes has been associated with higher rates of marijuana use, which is associated with several adverse health outcomes in youth.ObjectiveTo characterize and quantify the association between e-cigarette and marijuana use among youth using a meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science & ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were searched from inception to October 2018. A gray-literature search was also conducted on conference abstracts, government reports, and other sources.Study selectionIncluded studies compared rates of marijuana use among youth aged 10 to 24 years who had used e-cigarettes vs those who had not used e-cigarettes. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion; disagreements were discussed with a third reviewer and resolved by consensus.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by 2 independent reviewers following Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines and pooled using a random-effects analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess data quality and validity of individual studies.Main outcomes and measuresAdjusted odds ratios (AORs) of self-reported past or current marijuana use by youth with vs without past or current e-cigarette use.ResultsTwenty-one of 835 initially identified studies (2.5%) met selection criteria. The meta-analysis included 3 longitudinal and 18 cross-sectional studies that included 128 227 participants. Odds of marijuana use were higher in youth who had an e-cigarette use history vs those who did not (AOR, 3.47 [95% CI, 2.63-4.59]; I2, 94%). Odds of marijuana use were significantly increased in youth who used e-cigarettes in both longitudinal studies (3 studies; AOR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.51-3.90]; I2, 74%) and cross-sectional studies (18 studies; AOR, 3.70 [95% CI, 2.76-4.96]; I2, 94%). Odds of using marijuana in youth with e-cigarette use were higher in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (AOR, 4.29 [95% CI, 3.14-5.87]; I2, 94%) than young adults aged 18 to 24 years (AOR, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.40-3.79]; I2, 91%).Conclusions and relevanceThis meta-analysis found a significant increase in the odds of past or current and subsequent marijuana use in adolescents and young adults who used e-cigarettes. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the rapid increases in e-cigarette use among youths as a means to help limit marijuana use in this population.
| S-EPMC6692686 | biostudies-literature