Integrated physiological and metabolomic responses reveal mechanisms of Cd tolerance and detoxification in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) under Cd stress
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Saeed W
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11340530 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in alleviating drought stress in plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying exogenous SA on the drought tolerance of kenaf. In this study, the kenaf seedlings were subjected to physiological and transcriptomic analysis under control (CK), moderate drought stress (D), and moderate drought stress with 1 mM SA (D_SA). Under drought conditions, SA significantly improved the plant biomass, leaf area, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT), soluble sugars, starch and proline contents, and photosynthesis, while the contents of MDA, H2O2, and O2- were significantly decreased. A total of 3430 (1118 up-regulated and 2312 down-regulated) genes were differentially expressed in group D, compared with group CK. At the same time, 92 (56 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated) genes were differentially expressed in group D_SA compared with group D. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in various metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Results showed that the genes related to the antioxidant system, sucrose and starch synthesis, osmoregulation, ABA signal regulation, and differentially expressed transcription factors, such as AP2/ERF4 and NF-Y1, were involved in the increased drought tolerance of kenaf under exogenous SA. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-mediated silencing of salicylate binding protein 2 gene (HcSABP2) decreased the drought resistance of kenaf seedlings. Thus, the present study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA in alleviating drought stress in kenaf.
| S-EPMC11856667 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an industrial crop used as a raw material in various fields and is cultivated worldwide. Compared to high potential for its utilization, breeding sector is not vigorous partially due to laborous breeding procedure. Thus, efficient breeding methods are required for varieties that can adapt to various environments and obtain optimal production. For that, identifying kenaf's characteristics is very important during the breeding process. Here, we investigated if RGB based vegetative index (VI) could be associated with traits for biomass. We used 20 varieties and germplasm of kenaf and RGB images taken with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for field selection in early and late growth stage. In addition, measuring the stem diameter and the number of nodes confirmed whether the vegetative index value obtained from the RGB image could infer the actual plant biomass. Based on the results, it was confirmed that the individual surface area and estimated plant height, which were identified from the RGB image, had positive correlations with the stem diameter and node number, which are actual growth indicators of the rate of growth further, biomass could also be estimated based on this. Moreover, it is suggested that VIs have a high correlation with actual growth indicators; thus, the biomass of kenaf could be predicted. Interstingly, those traits showing high correlation in the late stage had very low correlations in the early stage. To sum up, the results in the current study suggest a more efficient breeding method by reducing labor and resources required for breeding selection by the use of RGB image analysis obtained by UAV. This means that considerable high-quality research could be performed even with a tight budget. Furthermore, this method could be applied to crop management, which is done with other vegetative indices using a multispectral camera.
| S-EPMC8423244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The natural occurrence of Tobacco streak virus (TSV) in Hibiscus cannabinus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an antiserum raised against TSV and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the coat protein gene of the virus. Sequence analysis of the PCR products showed 99.6 and 99.5% of maximum identity at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively with TSV onion isolate from Kurnool (HM131490).This is the first report of the natural occurrence of TSV on kenaf in India.
| S-EPMC3550807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study is to clone and characterize the expression pattern of a F5H gene encoding ferulate 5-hydroxylase in the phenylpropanoid pathway from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Kenaf is a fast-growing dicotyledonous plant valued for its biomass. F5H, a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (CYP84), is a key enzyme for syringyl lignin biosynthesis. The full length of the F5H ortholog was cloned and characterized. The full-length F5H ortholog consists of a 1,557-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 518 amino acids (GenBank Accession number JX524278). The deduced amino acid sequence showed that kenaf F5H had the highest similarity (78%) with that of Populus trichocarpa. Transcriptional analysis of F5H ortholog was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR during the developmental stages of various tissues and in response to various abiotic stresses. The highest transcript level of the F5H ortholog was observed in immature flower tissues and in early stage (6 week-old) of stem tissues, with a certain level of expression in all tissues tested. The highest transcript level of F5H ortholog was observed at the late time points after treatments with NaCl (48 h), wounding (24 h), cold (24 h), abscisic acid (24 h), and methyl jasmonate (24 h).
| S-EPMC3800569 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fibrous crop, grown in tropical climate having huge biomass and can be a good candidate for the phytoremediation of different heavy metals. Consequently, the present study was conducted to explore morpho-physiological traits, photosynthetic pigments, gaseous exchange attributes, antioxidative response and phytoextraction of copper (Cu) in H. cannabinus grown under different levels of Cu i.e. 0 (control), 60, 120 and 180 µmol L-1 in Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 6.2). The results from the present study revealed that Cu toxicity reduced plant height, plant diameter, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, photosynthetic pigments and gaseous exchange attributes compared to control. Moreover, excess Cu in the nutrient solution ameliorates contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL) which showed that Cu induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of H. cannabinus. The oxidative stress which was induced by a high concentration of Cu in the nutrient solution is overcome by enzymatic activities of antioxidants which increased with the increase in Cu concentration, i.e. 60 and 120 µmol L-1, while the addition of Cu (180 µmol L-1) caused a reduction in the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots and leaves of H. cannabinus. The results also demonstrated that an increase in Cu concentration in the nutrient solution causes an increase in Cu accumulation through roots, leaves and stems of H. cannabinus, although the highest Cu concentration was accumulated in roots while only a little transported to the above ground parts (leaves and stems) of the plants. All the values of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were less than 1, which also indicated that a small quantity of Cu concentration is transported to the aboveground part of the plants. These findings suggested that phytotoxicity of Cu affected plant growth and biomass and increased ROS production while accumulation of Cu in different parts of plant proved that H. cannabinus is an ideal specie for phytoremediation of Cu when grown under Cu contaminated sites.
| S-EPMC6995661 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is cultivated worldwide for its fiber; however, the medicinal properties of this plant are currently attracting increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of kaempferitrin, a compound with many biological functions, in different kenaf organs. We found that phenylalanine ammonia lyase (HcPAL) was more highly expressed in stems than in other organs. Expression levels of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (HcC4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (Hc4CL) were highest in mature leaves, followed by stems and young leaves, and lowest in roots and mature flowers. The expression of chalcone synthase (HcCHS), chalcone isomerase (HcCHI), and flavone 3-hydroxylase (HcF3H) was highest in young flowers, whereas that of flavone synthase (HcFLS) was highest in leaves. An analysis of kaempferitrin accumulation in the different organs of kenaf revealed that the accumulation of this compound was considerably higher (>10-fold) in leaves than in other organs. On the basis of a comparison of kaempferitrin contents with the expression levels of different genes in different organs, we speculate that HcFLS plays an important regulatory role in the kaempferitrin biosynthetic pathway in kenaf.
| S-EPMC6270828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are among the most diverse TF families of plants. They are implicated in various processes related to plant growth and stress response. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), an important fiber crop, has many applications, including the phytoremediation of saline-alkaline soil. However, the roles of WRKY TFs in kenaf are rarely studied. In the present study, 46 kenaf WRKY genes were genome-widely identified and characterized by gene structure, phylogeny and expression pattern analysis. Furthermore, the HcWRKY44 gene was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis under salinity and drought stresses. HcWRKY44 is a nuclear-localized protein that is positively induced by salinity and drought, with roots showing maximum accumulation of its transcripts. Under NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) stress conditions, plants overexpressing HcWRKY44 had higher germination rates, better root growth and increased survival than control plants; however, it did not improve the ability to withstand drought stress. Moreover, ABA signaling genes (ABI1, ABI2, and ABI5), ABA-responsive genes (ABF4, RD29B, COR15A, COR47, and RD22), stress-related genes (STZ, P5CS, and KIN1), and ionic homeostasis-related genes (SOS1, AHA1, AHA2, and HKT1) were positively induced in HcWRKY44 transgenic plants under NaCl treatment. These results suggest that HcWRKY44 improved plant's tolerance to salt stress but not osmotic stress through an ABA-mediated pathway. In summary, this study provides provided comprehensive information about HcWRKY genes and revealed that HcWRKY44 is involved in salinity tolerance and ABA signaling.
| S-EPMC9433988 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study evaluates the coagulation performance of kenaf protein fractions (KPFs) comprising of albumin (AlbKP), globulin (GloKP), prolamin (ProKP), and glutenin (GluKP), in the treatment of high (500 NTU), medium (150 NTU), and low (30 NTU) turbidity water. Based on preliminary experimental results, the study focused on GloKP due to it outperforming the other kenaf coagulation products (KCPs) in all water types tested. The influence of GloKP, both as a primary coagulant and coagulant aid to aluminum sulfate (AS) on organic matter removal, was examined. Parametric analysis on turbidity, TSS, pH, dosages, retention time, and KPFs storage time was completed. Results indicated that GloKP could be used both as a primary coagulant and coagulant aid. GloKP had a higher turbidity and solids removal than the AlbKP and other KPFs (ProKP and GluKP). Solution pH greatly influenced the performance of the GloKP, and optimum dosage at pH 2 resulted in the highest organic matter removal. High dosages also resulted in negative mobility of particles and a more stable suspension. When used as a coagulant aid to AS, GloKP was more effective in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Scanning electron microscopy elemental analysis (SEM-EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra showed the structure of the KPFs. SEM-EDAX indicated the presence of metal cations capable of forming complexes essential for flocs formation. The enhanced floc formation, detailed in this paper, is ascribed to the collective effect of charge neutralization of the AS species and the adsorption and bridging effect of the GloKP, which improves the bonds formed between flocs. The coagulation-flocculation process can be significantly improved using dual coagulants. GloKP was also an excellent alternative to its crude (CrKP) and solvent extract (HxKP) form for removing suspended and dissolved particles from all water types. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Kenaf protein fractionates can destabilize stable particles. The globulin protein fractionate (GloKP) aggregated the most particles and contained least dissolved organic material. GloKP is pH sensitive with pH 2 reported as best working pH. Coagulant dosage and coagulation mechanism were assessed.
| S-EPMC9828421 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) with high tolerance to chromium (Cr) can be used in the phytoremediation of chromium-contaminated soil. However, the mechanisms of chromium accumulation and tolerance in kenaf are still unclear. A hydroponic experiment was taken to screen two kenaf cultivars with Cr tolerance among nine kenaf cultivars via a tolerance index. This is first time the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and chloroplast structural changes involved in Cr tolerance of two kenaf cultivars are explored. This study indicated that enhancement of chromium concentrations reduced nine kenaf growth rates and plant biomass. In addition, in all the nine cultivars, the roots had higher Cr accumulation than the shoots. Cr-tolerant cultivar Zhe70-3 with the maximum tolerant index had the significantly higher enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and mono- dehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) in non-enzymatic antioxidant system compared to Cr-sensitive cultivar Zhe77-1. In addition, higher GSH and AsA contents and lower damages of chloroplast ultrastructure were observed in Zhe70-3 under Cr treatment. In conclusion, Cr stress can cause less oxidative stress and destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure in Cr-tolerant cultivar Zhe70-3, and the AsA-GSH cycle may play a crucial role in kenaf Cr tolerance.
| S-EPMC6068517 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kenaf is a source of fiber and a bioenergy crop that is considered to be a third world crop. Recently, a new kenaf cultivar, "Jangdae," was developed by gamma irradiation. It exhibited distinguishable characteristics such as higher biomass, higher seed yield, and earlier flowering than the wild type. We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of apical leaf and stem using Pacific Biosciences single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing platform. De novo assembly yielded 26,822 full-length transcripts with a total length of 59 Mbp. Sequence similarity against protein sequence allowed the functional annotation of 11,370 unigenes. Among them, 10,100 unigenes were assigned gene ontology terms, the majority of which were associated with the metabolic and cellular process. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis mapped 8875 of the annotated unigenes to 149 metabolic pathways. We also identified the majority of putative genes involved in cellulose and lignin-biosynthesis. We further evaluated the expression pattern in eight gene families involved in lignin-biosynthesis at different growth stages. In this study, appropriate biotechnological approaches using the information obtained for these putative genes will help to modify the desirable content traits in mutants. The transcriptome data can be used as a reference dataset and provide a resource for molecular genetic studies in kenaf.
| S-EPMC7285769 | biostudies-literature