Dataset Information

High sugar diets can increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster.

ABSTRACT: Overnutrition with dietary sugar can worsen infection outcomes in diverse organisms including insects and humans, through generally unknown mechanisms. In the present study, we show that adult Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sugar diets became more susceptible to infection by the Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri and Serratia marcescens. We found that P. rettgeri and S. marcescens proliferate more rapidly in D. melanogaster fed a high-sugar diet, resulting in increased probability of host death. D. melanogaster become hyperglycemic on the high-sugar diet, and we find evidence that the extra carbon availability may promote S. marcescens growth within the host. However, we found no evidence that increased carbon availability directly supports greater P. rettgeri growth. D. melanogaster on both diets fully induce transcription of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in response to infection, but D. melanogaster provided with high-sugar diets show reduced production of AMP protein. Thus, overnutrition with dietary sugar may impair host immunity at the level of AMP translation. Our results demonstrate that dietary sugar can shape infection dynamics by impacting both host and pathogen, depending on the nutritional requirements of the pathogen and by altering the physiological capacity of the host to sustain an immune response.

SUBMITTER: Darby AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11341100 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High sugar diets can increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster.

Darby Andrea M AM Okoro Destiny O DO Aredas Sophia S Frank Ashley M AM Pearson William H WH Dionne Marc S MS Lazzaro Brian P BP

PLoS pathogens 20240812 8

Overnutrition with dietary sugar can worsen infection outcomes in diverse organisms including insects and humans, through generally unknown mechanisms. In the present study, we show that adult Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sugar diets became more susceptible to infection by the Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri and Serratia marcescens. We found that P. rettgeri and S. marcescens proliferate more rapidly in D. melanogaster fed a high-sugar diet, resulting in increased probability of ...[more]

PMID: 39133760

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Project description:Obesity has been shown to increase risk for cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. In addition, it has been implicated in aggravation of neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, a physiological state mimicking diet-induced obesity can be induced by subjecting fruit flies to a solid medium disproportionately higher in sugar than protein (HSD) or that has been supplemented with a rich source of saturated fat (HFD). These flies can exhibit increased circulating glucose levels, increased triglyceride content, insulin-like peptide resistance, and behavior indicative of neurological decline, such as decreased climbing ability. We subjected Oregon-R-C flies to variants of the HSD, HFD, or normal (control) diet (ND), followed by a total RNA extraction from fly heads of each diet group for the purpose of Poly-A selected RNA-Sequencing. We targeted at least 50 million paired-end, stranded reads of 75 basepairs in size, and analyzed 4 biological replicates per dietary condition. Our objective was to identify the effects of obesogenic diets on transcriptome patterns, how they differed between obesogenic diets, and identify genes that may relate to pathogenesis accompanying an obesity-like state. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis among genes whose expression was significantly affected by the obesogenic diets indicated an overrepresentation of genes associated with immunity, metabolism, and hemocyanin in the HFD group, and CHK, cell cycle activity, and DNA binding and transcription in the HSD group. Heat map representation of genes affected by both diets illustrated a large fraction of differentially expressed genes between the two diet groups. Diets high in sugar and diets high in fat both have notableeffects on the Drosophila transcriptome in head tissue. The impacted genes, and how they may relate to pathogenesis in the Drosophila obesity-like state, warrant further experimental investigation. Our results also indicate differences in the effects of the HFD and HSD on expression profiles in head tissue of Oregon-R-C flies, despite the reportedly similar phenotypic impacts of the diets.

Dataset Information

High sugar diets can increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster.

Publications

High sugar diets can increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster.

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