Project description:Some individuals have very specific and differentiated emotional experiences, such as anger, shame, excitement, and happiness, whereas others have more general affective experiences of pleasure or discomfort that are not as highly differentiated. Considering that individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have cognitive deficits for negative information, we predicted that people with MDD would have less differentiated negative emotional experiences than would healthy people. To test this hypothesis, we assessed participants' emotional experiences using a 7-day experience-sampling protocol. Depression was assessed using structured clinical interviews and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. As predicted, individuals with MDD had less differentiated emotional experiences than did healthy participants, but only for negative emotions. These differences were above and beyond the effects of emotional intensity and variability.
Project description:Application of enzymes in biotechnological process has expanded considerably in recent years. In food and related industry, major importance was being attached to the use of enzymes in upgrading quality, increasing yields of extractive processes, product stabilization, and improvement of flavor and byproduct utilization. Pectinases or pectinolytic enzymes are today one of the upcoming enzymes of the commercial sector. It has been reported that microbial pectinases account for 25% of the global food enzymes sales. For this reason, this study was undertaken with aims of screening microorganisms for the pectinase activity from coffee pulp samples and molecular identification of the potential pectinolytic isolates. In the present investigation, in total, ninety-five (95) isolates were identified from thirty coffee pulp samples. Based on characterization on the selective growth media, the isolates were grouped as actinomycete (21.06%), bacteria (65.26%), and fungi (13.68%). Among these, 31.58% showed colonies surrounded by clear zones which indicate the presence of pectinase activity. After rigorous screening steps, the isolates with high potential pectinase activity were identified molecularly by sequencing 16S rDNA region of the isolates. Based on the molecular identifications, about 70% of the isolates are under genus Bacillus.
Project description:Background and objectivesSynthetic dyes are recalcitrant to degradation and toxic to different organisms. Decolorization of textile wastewaters is one of the major concerns since last decades. Physical-chemical treatments are very expensive and frequently producing large amounts of toxic wastes. Biological treatments can be more convenient. In the present study, an attempt has been made for decolorization of azo dyes using microbial process.Material and methodsScreening of microorganisms capable of azo dye decolorization was performed from activated sludge. The decolorization of various dyes (Reactive Black 5, Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Red 198, Direct Blue 71, Direct Yellow 12 and Direct Black 22) was determined by measuring the absorbance of culture supernatant at their λmax. Culture supernatants were also analyzed for UV-Vis absorption between 200-800 nm. The effect of aeration, temperature, different concentrations of glucose and NaCl was studied with an aim to determine the optimal conditions required for maximum decolorization.ResultsThe yeast (strain JKS4) which had high ability to decolorize different azo dyes was isolated. Under aerobic condition, the yeast strain showed 85.7% of decolorization at 200 mg/l Reactive Black 5 (as a model azo dye), 1% (w/v) glucose concentration and 35°C after 24 h. All the examined dyes were extensively decolorized (53.35-97.9%) after 24 h. With elongated incubation period, complete decolorization was observed in presence of all dyes. From the physiological properties and phylogenetic analysis based on the 26S rDNA sequences, strain JKS4 was classified into Candida palmioleophila.ConclusionsBecause of high decolorizing activity against various azo dyes commonly used in the textile industries, it is proposed that the isolated yeast may have a practical application in the biotransformation of various dye effluents.
Project description:New particle formation (NPF) contributes significantly to atmospheric particle number concentrations and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In sulfur-rich environments, field measurements have shown that sulfuric acid dimer formation is likely the critical step in NPF. We investigated the dimer formation process based upon the measured sulfuric acid monomer and dimer concentrations, along with previously reported amine concentrations in a sulfur-rich atmosphere (Atlanta, USA). The average sulfuric acid concentration was in the range of 1.7 × 107-1.4 × 108 cm-3 and the corresponding neutral dimer concentrations were 4.1 × 105-5.0 × 106 cm-3 and 2.6 × 105-2.7 × 106 cm-3 after sub-collision and collision ion-induced clustering (IIC) corrections, respectively. Two previously proposed acid-base mechanisms (namely AA and AB) were employed to respectively estimate the evaporation rates of the dimers and the acid-amine complexes. The results show evaporation rates of 0.1-1.3 s-1 for the dimers based on the simultaneously measured average concentrations of the total amines, much higher than those (1.2-13.1 s-1) for the acid-amine complexes. This indicates that the mechanism for dimer formation is likely AA through the formation of more volatile dimers in the initial step of the cluster formation.
Project description:Anthraquinone dye represents an important group of recalcitrant pollutants in dye wastewater. Aspergillus sp XJ-2 CGMCC12963 showed broad-spectrum decolorization ability, which could efficiently decolorize and degrade various anthraquinone dyes (50 mg L-1) under microaerophilic condition. And the decolorization rate of 93.3% was achieved at 120 h with Disperse Blue 2BLN (the target dye). Intermediates of degradation were detected by FTIR and GC-MS, which revealed the cleavage of anthraquinone chromophoric group and partial mineralization of target dye. In addition, extracellular manganese peroxidase showed the most closely related to the increasing of decolorization rate and biomass among intracellular and extracellular ligninolytic enzymes. Given these results, 2 possible degraded pathways of target dye by Aspergillus sp XJ-2 CGMCC12963 were proposed first in this work. The degradation of Disperse Blue 2BLN and broad spectrum decolorization ability provided the potential for Aspergillus sp XJ-2 CGMCC12963 in the treatment of wastewater containing anthraquinone dyes.
Project description:We have adapted molecular inversion probe technology to identify microbes in a highly multiplexed procedure. This procedure does not require growth of the microbes. Rather, the technology employs DNA homology twice: once for the molecular probe to hybridize to its homologous DNA and again for the 20-mer oligonucleotide barcode on the molecular probe to hybridize to a commercially available molecular barcode array. As proof of concept, we have designed, tested, and employed 192 molecular probes for 40 microbes. While these particular molecular probes are aimed at our interest in the microbes in the human vagina, this molecular probe method could be employed to identify the microbes in any ecological niche.
Project description:The decolorization of Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19) wastewater by an ozonation membrane contactor and Fenton oxidation was studied. The aims of the study were to investigate the affecting parameters and to compare the performance of RB 19 decolorization by two different processes. The results showed that Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations for Fenton oxidation and ozone concentration with different membranes for the membrane contacting process played the most important roles in RB 19 decolorization. The optimum conditions for RB 19 decolorization by Fenton oxidation were initial pH 3.0, 1.5 mM H2O2 and 0.25 mM Fe2+; in contrast, the optimum conditions for the membrane contactor were initial pH 11 and 40 mg L-1 ozone concentration. Under these conditions, the decolorization of RB 19 by the membrane contactor was almost completed and was higher than by Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidations for 90 min. The decolorizations of RB 19 by Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidations were constant after 30 min, but the decolorization of RB 19 by ozonation with a membrane contactor gradually increased via ozone consumption until 90 min operation, which was higher than that of Fenton oxidations. The use of a PVDF-PAM membrane in the membrane contactor resulted in higher decolorization efficiency than a PVDF membrane. The results demonstrated a COD removal efficiency of 63% by an ozonation membrane contacting process using PVDF-PAM, which was lower than that of Fenton oxidation (73%), but resulted in higher BOD5/COD and NO3 - and SO4 2- releases. Under these conditions, the ozonation membrane contacting process showed the lowest electric energy consumption.
Project description:Dyes are classified as one of the major pollutants of water. They have negative impacts not only on environment but also on human health. In fact, wastewater that contains these harmful substances requires many types of treatments. Therefore, alternative methods and adsorption agents are needed. Herein, we propose to evaluate the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as two models of soluble dyes from water using chitin and chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide. Furthermore, the applicability of these biomacromolecules as alternative adsorption agents, their sticking probability and desorption were also examined. Experimental parameters such as dye concentration, contact time, pH solution, adsorbent dosage and temperature were thoroughly examined for the grafted chitosan and chitin. The activation energy ( E a ) and the thermodynamic variables (i.e., standard Gibb's free energy ( Δ G 0 ), standard enthalpy ( Δ H 0 ), and standard entropy ( Δ S 0 )) were determined using the Van't Hoff and Arrhenius equations. The sticking probability ( S *) model for MB and MO removal by chitin and the chitosan derivative demonstrated that both dyes were successfully removed under the proposed conditions. Desorption studies of MB and MO showed the reusability of both materials, suggesting their application for removing dyes from aqueous solution.
Project description:Textile industry is one of the anthropogenic activities that consume a large amount of water and pollute water bodies. It uses a massive amount of dyes, which is one of the main constituents of polluting textile effluent. In the present research, biodegradation of Acid Blue 113 dye, a commonly used textile di-azo dye, has been studied exploiting Pseudomonas stutzeri, strain AK6. The dye (300 ppm) was decolorized up to 86.2% within 96 h. The metabolites of Acid Blue 113 obtained after biodegradation were identified by various analytical techniques viz. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Genome analysis of isolate AK6 using IMG/M (Integrated Microbial Genomes and Microbiomes) system supported the role of azoreductase and laccase for the decolorization and degradation of azo dye. The ability of P. stutzeri AK6 to tolerate high amount of dye makes it a potential candidate for bioremediation and pre-processing to remove dyes from textile effluents.
Project description:The high demand for food and energy imposed by the increased life expectancy of the population has driven agricultural activity, which is reflected in the larger quantities of agro-industrial waste generated, and requires new forms of use. Brazil has the greatest biodiversity in the world, where corn is one of the main agricultural genres, and where over 40% of the waste generated is from cobs without an efficient destination. With the aim of the valorization of these residues, we proposed to study the immobilization of laccase from Aspergillus spp. (LAsp) in residual corn cob and its application in the degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye. The highest yields in immobilized protein (75%) and residual activity (40%) were obtained at pH 7.0 and an enzyme concentration of 0.1 g.mL-1, whose expressed enzyme activity was 1854 U.kg-1. At a temperature of 60 °C, more than 90% of the initial activity present in the immobilized biocatalyst was maintained. The immobilized enzyme showed higher efficiency in the degradation (64%) of RBBR dye in 48 h, with improvement in the process in 72 h (75%). The new biocatalyst showed operational efficiency during three cycles, and a higher degradation rate than the free enzyme, making it a competitive biocatalyst and amenable to industrial applications.