Risk assessment of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb via the consumption of seafood in Haikou
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lin H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11341763 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study aimed to assess the potential health risks associated with consuming three commonly consumed medicinal herbs in Malawi: Azadirachta indica, Mondia whitei, and Moringa oleifera. The concentrations of five metal(loids) (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Co) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while their safety was assessed by comparing the measured values with the legislated maximum contaminant levels (MCL)and reported metal(loids) concentrations in other countries. The results indicated significant variations of metal(loids) concentrations amongst the studied medicinal herbs, with Azadirachta indica containing the highest mean As (0.078 ± 0.010 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.049 ± 0.05 mg kg-1) concentrations and Mondia whitei and Moringa oleifera contained the highest mean Co (1.01 ± 0.05 mg kg-1) and Cr (1.42 ± 1.18 mg kg-1) concentrations, respectively. However, the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Co fell below the MCL set by World Health Organization (WHO), Alimentarius Commissions, and European Commission. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for each metal(loid) was less than 1, indicating that the studied medicinal herbs do not pose serious health risks to non-regular consumers. The study also emphasizes the importance of assessing the potential risks associated with consuming medicinal herbs contaminated with heavy metals or metalloids, as it can seriously threaten human health.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Metal transfer along the food chain has raised concerns about impacts on human health due to dietary exposure to low but chronic concentrations. Soil-forage-milk-consumer is a short food chain through which metals are able to reach an organism. METHODS:Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were determined in water, soil, forage, and milk samples collected from free-range cattle farms situated near Baia Mare, Romania. The soil-to-forage (TFsf) and forage-to-milk (TFfm) transfer factors for metals and the health risk for three population groups (females, males, and children) through the consumption of milk containing low levels of metals were assessed. RESULTS:TFsf indicated that the uptake capabilities of the metals from soil to forage were in the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb. TFfm indicated a lack of metal accumulation through forage ingestion. Estimated daily (EDI) and provisional tolerable weekly (PTWI) intake values revealed a minimal exposure of the population to those metals through milk consumption. A noncarcinogenic hazard index indicated that milk consumption from local markets does not pose any risk for human health; however, the average cancer risk showed a high potential carcinogenic risk. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption of milk produced by small local farmers does not pose noncarcinogenic risks. More extended studies should be carried out in order to identify the potential carcinogenic risk caused by the low levels of metals in the milk consumed.
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Project description:Water pollution is a major global challenge given the increasing growth in industry and human population, and certain metals can be highly toxic and contribute to this significantly. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PVP-Fe3O4 NPs) were used to remove metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) from synthetic soft water and sea water in the presence and absence of fulvic acid. Nanoparticle (NP) suspensions were added to water media at a range of metal concentrations (0.1-100 mg L-1). Removal at different time points (1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours) was also evaluated. Results showed that 167 mg L-1 PVP-Fe3O4 NPs could remove nearly 100% of four metals at 0.1 mg L-1 and more than 80% at 1 mg L-1. The removal decreased as the initial metal concentration increased, although essentially 100% of the Pb was removed under all conditions. The kinetic adsorption fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model and in general, the majority of metal adsorption occurred within the first 1.5 hours. These NPs are a reliable method to remove metals under a wide range of environmentally relevant conditions. Our previous research showed the NPs effectively removed oil from waters, so these NPs offer the possibility of combined in situ remediation of oil and metals.
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Project description:Several consequences of health effects from municipal solid waste caused by carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic metals have been recognized. The water quality index (WQI) in the groundwater around this landfill is 2945.58, which is unacceptable for consumption. The contaminated groundwater mainly appears within a 1 km radius around the landfill. The metal pollution levels in the soil in descending order were Cu > Cd > Zn=Cr > Pb > Ni. The pollution degree (ER) of Cd was 2898.88, and the potential ecological risk index (RI) was 2945.58, indicating that the risk level was very high. Surprisingly, the hazard index (HI) of Pb (2.05) and Fe (1.59) in children was higher than 1. This indicated that the chronic risk and cancer risk caused by Pb and Fe for children were at a medium level. Carcinogenic risk by oral (CR oral) consumption of Ni, Cd, and Cr in children was 1.4E - 04, 2.5E - 04, and 1.8E - 04, respectively, while the lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) of Ni, Cd, and Cr in children was 1.5E - 04, 2.8E - 04, and 2.0E - 04, respectively. In adults, CR oral of Ni and Cr were 1.6E - 03 and 3.0E - 04, respectively, while LCR of Ni and Cr were 1.6E - 03 and 3.4E - 04, respectively, which exceeded the carcinogenic risks limits. Our study indicated a lifetime carcinogenic risk to humans. Environmental surveillance should focus on reducing health risks such as continuous monitoring of the groundwater, soil, and leachate treatment process.
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Project description:Qualitative and quantitative risk-benefit assessments (RBA) can be used to support public health decisions in food safety. We conducted an evidence scan to understand the state of the science regarding RBA in seafood to help inform seafood dietary advice in the United States. We collected published RBA studies assessing seafood consumption, designed inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen these studies, and conducted systematic data extraction for the relevant studies published since 2019. Our findings indicate the selection of health risks and benefits does not generally follow a systematic approach. Uncertainty and variability in RBAs is often not addressed, and quantitative RBAs making use of a single health metric generally have not been leveraged to directly support published regulatory decisions or dietary guidance. To elevate the role of RBA in supporting regulatory decision-making, risk assessors and risk managers must work together to set expectations and goals. We identified the need for a prioritization phase (e.g., multicriteria decision analysis model) to determine the risks and benefits of greatest public health impact to inform the RBA design. This prioritization would consider not only the degree of public health impact of each risk and benefit, but also the potential for risks and benefits to converge on common health outcomes and their importance to subpopulations. Including a prioritization could improve the utility of the RBAs to better inform risk management decisions and advance public health. Our work serves to guide the United States Food and Drug Administration's approaches to RBA in foods.
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Project description:Vegetable contamination in mining and smelting areas has resulted in high dietary intakes of heavy metals, which pose potential health risks to local residents. In this study, paired soil-vegetable samples were collected around Pb/Zn smelters in Southwest China. Probabilistic risks to local residents via vegetable consumption were evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soils were 116.76, 3.59, 158.56, 196.96, and 236.74 mg/kg, respectively. About 38.18%, 58.49%, and 52.83% of the vegetable samples exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The daily dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intakes for local residents, with children showing the highest intake via vegetable consumption. The percentages of the target hazard quotients of As, Cd, and Pb for local residents exceeding the safe value of one were about 95%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. The 95th percentiles of the hazard index for children, adolescents, and adults were 15.71, 11.15, and 9.34, respectively, indicating significant risks to local residents, especially children. These results highlight a need to develop effective strategies to reduce heavy metal contamination and exposure to protect human health.
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Project description:Exposure to lead (Pb) through drinking water has been linked to adverse health outcomes. Children are particularly susceptible. This study was designed to measure Pb contamination level in drinking water of the Ethiopian city Addis Ababa and assess the associated health risks. Eighty-eight fully-flushed drinking water samples were collected from all ten sub-cities of Addis Ababa. Pb concentration was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The chronic daily intake (CDI), the hazard quotient (HQ), and the cancer risk (CR) of Pb were determined to assess exposure levels and health effects. Blood lead level (B-Pb) for children was modelled using the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model (IEUBK). The mean concentration of Pb in the drinking water was 17.8 μg/l, where >50% of the samples exceeded WHO's 10 μg/l guideline. Significant spatial variation of Pb was noticed among sub-cities. The mean CDI was 1.43 and 0.59 μg/kg/day for children and adults, respectively. The HQ showed that 8% of children and 2.3% of adults exceeded the safe limit. The predicted geometric mean of B-Pb ranged from 3.23 to 14.65 μg/dl. The risk of a child having a B-Pb level >5 μg/dl at the median water Pb concentration (10.5 μg/l) was estimated at 13.4%. Based on the 95th percentile Pb concentration (75.1 μg/l), 89.6% of children would have B-Pb levels above the 5 μg/dl threshold. The estimated CR was found in the range of 1 × 10-7 to 9.9 × 10-5; hence cancer risks are not a concern. The study concluded that Addis Ababa's drinking water is likely to be a source of lead exposure where consumers at specific city locations are at risk of numerous non-cancer health effects. The impacts are expected to be severe in the Ethiopian context; hence further investigations and coordinated interventions are required.
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Project description:To ensure food security and nutritional quality for a growing world population in the face of climate change, stagnant capture fisheries production, increasing aquaculture production and competition for natural resources, countries must be accountable for what they consume rather than what they produce. To investigate the sustainability of seafood consumption, we propose a methodology to examine the impact of seafood supply chains across national boundaries: the seafood consumption footprint. The seafood consumption footprint is expressed as the biomass of domestic and imported seafood production required to satisfy national seafood consumption, and is estimated using a multi-regional input output model. Thus, we reconstruct for the first time the global fish biomass flows in national supply chains to estimate consumption footprints at the global, country and sector levels (capture fisheries, aquaculture, distribution and processing, and reduction into fishmeal and fish oil) taking into account the biomass supply from beyond national borders.
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