Project description:BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus treatment as a chronic disease requires adequate adherence to treatment including controlling blood glucose levels and lifestyle management. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting of adherence to T2D treatment from the perspective of patients and design an intervention program based on Pender's health promotion model (HPM) to increase T2D treatment adherence in Bandar Abbas, a city located in the south of Iran.MethodsThis mixed method study will consist of qualitative stage, questionnaire design and a randomized, open-label, parallel-group interventional study based on HPM in southern Iran. Sampling for qualitative stage will continue until reaching the saturation. In the intervention stage, participants will be 166 T2D patients referring to the Bandar Abbas Diabetes Clinic will be randomized into intervention and control groups (allocation 1:1). After identifying the factors affecting adherence to treatment in T2D patients by qualitative study and literature review, a questionnaire based on HPM will be designed. In the next stage, 10 sessions of intervention for the intervention group will be designed. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, intervention and control groups will be tested for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) before and 3 months after the intervention.DiscussionThis designed study is a program for improving treatment adherence in T2D based on the HPM model and contributes to a better understanding of effective factors in adherence to treatment in T2D patients. The results of this project can be used for macro-diabetic planning.Trial registrationThis study is registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211228053558N1: https://www.irct.ir/trial/61741 ) and first release date of 17th March 2022.
Project description:ObjectivesTreatment adherence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important factor in optimal diabetes control and prevention of mortality. The present study aimed to determine the predictability of Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) constructs in T2D treatment adherence behaviour.DesignThe present cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023.SettingThe present study was conducted in Bandar Abbas, a city in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran.ParticipantsThe participants included 396 patients with T2D with medical records in the Hormoz Diabetes Clinic. Based on their record number, the participants were selected for inclusion in the study through a random systematic sampling.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on HPM constructs. The questionnaire was valid and reliable, achieving Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.609 to 0.798 across various constructs. The questionnaires were completed face to face. Pearson's correlation test, path analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted using SPSS V.23, and STATA V.15.Study stageThis study was conducted before intervention (pre-results).ResultsAs the path analysis showed, perceived self-efficacy (β=0.23, p<0.001), treatment adherence experiences (β=0.26, p<0.001), immediate competing demands and preferences (β=-0.15, p<0.001) and commitment to plan of action (β=0.24, p<0.001) could significantly predict the treatment adherence behaviour. The results of indirect path analysis showed that the total effect of perceived benefits (β=0.24, p<0.001), perceived barriers (β=-0.14, p=0.002), perceived self-efficacy (β=0.32, p<0.001) on commitment to plan of action was statistically significant. Through the mediation of commitment to plan of action, they could predict the treatment adherence behaviour.ConclusionsIn light of the present findings, it can be concluded that the proposed model of T2D treatment adherence behaviour has an acceptable fit. Commitment to plan of action, treatment adherence experiences, perceived self-efficacy and immediate competing demands and preferences are the main predictors of T2D treatment adherence behaviour. It is recommended that educational interventions focus on these constructs.Trial registration numberThis study is registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211228053558N1).
Project description:BackgroundThis study examined how socio-demographic characteristics constructs derived from the health promotion model (HPM) influence the level of physical activity (PA) women in Bojnourd, North East of Iran.MethodThis cross-sectional study has been carried out through multi-stage sampling design on 356 women aged 18-60 years living in Iran. Data was collected through reliable and valid questionnaire survey women who were selected from their homes.ResultsMost of participants (53.40%) had a low level of physical activity behaviors with minimal physical activity (PA) scores. Using regression analysis showed that 23.22% of the total variance in PA behaviors was predicted by socio-demographic variables, whilst 40.81% of the variance in PA behaviors was predicted by constructs from the HPM. The results from Path modeling indicated that prior behavior, interpersonal influences, perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers and commitment to PA, were significant predictors for PA behaviors with 86.93% of total effects on PA, whereas, activity-related affect and situational influences had no significant effect on the PA behaviors.ConclusionsWe found that constructs derived from the HPM are determinants of PA among Iranian women and may be important in developing educational intervention programs to facilitate a physically active lifestyle in this population.
Project description:Increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake has a protective role against chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. The present study aimed to validate an instrument for measuring the perception of effective factors on consumption behaviour of F&V based on Pender's health promotion model (HPM).This cross-sectional validation survey has consisted of five steps: literature review in order to plan and develop an instrument, face validity assessment, content validity assessment, reliability assessment and construct validity assessment with the cooperation of experts in health education, nutritionists and the target group (government employees). In the present study, reliability and validity of constructs were determined through Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis, respectively, in SPSS 22. The mean impact score was acceptable for 96·42 % of items in face validity. The mean scores of content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and reliability were 0·92, 0·97 and 0·96, respectively. According to the principal component analysis with varimax rotation, 104 items were identified in 15 factors contributing to 61·17 % of the model cumulative variance. Given the favourable scores of the research instrument in face validity, content validity and reliability as well as its ability to predict the extracted factors from the model, it can be used as a suitable instrument in future studies.
Project description:AimTo validate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate its relationship with metabolic control.DesignA cross-sectional study of 167 adult people with type 1 diabetes mellitus recruited from the Endocrinology Service of University Hospital Doctor Peset (Spain).MethodsThe validity of the content, construct and reliability of the instrument were evaluated and the results correlated with levels of glycosylated haemoglobin.ResultsThe questionnaire was composed of 25 items and 5 dimensions, with a score of 25-150 points and an internal consistency of 0.92, according to Cronbach's coefficient α. The content of validity ratio and the construct (exploratory functional analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index and Barlett's spherical test) were adequate. We observed a significant correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin levels and treatment adherence.ConclusionThe questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus is consistent, reliable and valid, showing an excellent association with degree of metabolic control.
Project description:AimsTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Management Questionnaire, a brief, self-report measure of adherence to contemporary diabetes management for young people with Type 1 diabetes and their caregivers.MethodsA total of 273 parent-child dyads completed parallel versions of the Diabetes Management Questionnaire. Eligible children (aged 8-18 years) had Type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year. A multidisciplinary team designed the Diabetes Management Questionnaire as a brief, self-administered measure of adherence to Type 1 diabetes management over the preceding month; higher scores reflect greater adherence. Psychometrics were evaluated for the entire sample and according to age of the child.ResultsThe children (49% female) had a mean ± sd (range) age 13.3 ± 2.9 (8-18) years and their mean ± sd HbA1c was 71 ± 15 mmol/mol (8.6 ± 1.4%). Internal consistency was good for parents (α = 0.83) and children (α = 0.79). Test-retest reliability was excellent for parents (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.83) and good for children (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.65). Parent and child scores had moderate agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.54). Diabetes Management Questionnaire scores were inversely associated with HbA1c (parents: r = -0.41, P < 0.0001; children: r = -0.27, P < 0.0001). Psychometrics were stronger in the children aged ≥13 years compared with those aged < 13 years, but were acceptable in both age groups. Mean ± sd Diabetes Management Questionnaire scores were higher among children who were receiving insulin pump therapy (n = 181) than in children receiving multiple daily injections (n = 92) according to parent (75.9 ± 11.8 vs. 70.5 ± 15.5; P = 0.004) and child report (72.2 ± 12.1 vs. 67.6 ± 13.9; P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe Diabetes Management Questionnaire is a brief, valid self-report measure of adherence to contemporary diabetes self-management for people aged 8-18 years who are receiving either multiple daily injections or insulin pump therapy.
Project description:BackgroundDepression is screened by many psychological tools, whereas the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most commonly used self-administered tools. Uganda is a culturally diverse country with a wide variety of tribes, ethnic groups, languages, and disease conditions; it is urgent to know the psychometrics of the used PHQ-9 across different cohorts. However, there is no prior review to assess its reliability in this culturally diverse country, where this review fulfills the knowledge gap.MethodsAdhering to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search was performed in several databases (i.e., PubMed, Africa-Wide Information, AJOL, and PsycINFO, among others), and a total of 51 articles were included in this review, confirming the study inclusion criteria (e.g., using the PHQ-9).ResultsThe PHQ-9 has been used among individuals above 10 years and both genders, and the tool has been used most among the HIV patient group (n = 28). The tool is frequently administered by interviews and has been translated into several languages (mostly Luganda, n = 31). A cutoff of 10 was commonly used to identify clinical or major depression (n = 23), and its prevalence ranged from 8 to 67%. It has been validated for use in two populations, (i) HIV-positive participants and (ii) the general population attending a health facility. The sensitivity and specificity were 92 and 89%, respectively, at a cutoff score of 10, whereas 67 and 78%, respectively, at a cutoff score of 5. The Cronbach alpha ranged between 0.68 and 0.94.ConclusionThe PHQ-9 has been used in several studies in Uganda but validated in only two populations and is commonly used in one language. Thus, validation of the tool in various populations and languages is warranted to improve the tool's acceptance in Uganda.
Project description:Background: Health-care systems play a key role in responding to the growing problems of patients with type 2 diabetes by supporting their autonomy in providing routine care. The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ) was designed to assess patients' perceived degree of autonomy support within the care practice settings. The main purpose of this study was to translate and evaluate psychometric properties of the Persian version of the HCCQ (HCCQ-P) to be applied among Iranian and other Persian-speaking patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: Translation/back-translation procedures were carried out to prepare a preliminary draft of the HCCQ-P that was subsequently sent for face and content validity appraisal by a group of 15 health education/promotion and nursing specialists. Minor revisions were performed based on the feedback, and the content validity ratio (=0.91) and content validity index (=0.95) were within the acceptable range. The structural validity of the scale was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis outputs (root mean square error of approximation=0.079, comparative fit index=0.976, Tucker Lewis index=0.967, standardized root mean square residual=0.022) demonstrated the proper performance and fitness statistics of the translated HCCQ in a one-dimensional model similar to the original scale. The internal consistency and reliability scores endorsed the validity of the translated measure (?=0.945, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.999, P=0.000). Conclusion: In this study, the translated HCCQ-P scale showed robust internal validity for its application in the assessment of health-care settings' supportiveness in care provision to Persian-speaking patients with type 2 diabetes. Future cross-cultural and multidisciplinary studies are recommended to investigate the applicability of the scale in different patients/cultural groups and health-care settings.
Project description:Nutrition therapy is essential for diabetes treatment, and assessment of dietary intake can be time consuming. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure diabetic patients' adherence to Canadian diabetes nutrition recommendations. Specific information derived from three, repeated 24-h dietary recalls of 64 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 59.2 ± 9.7 years, was correlated with a total score and individual items of the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ). Test-retest reliability was completed by 27 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 62.8 ± 8.4 years. The correlation coefficients for PDAQ items versus 24-h recalls ranged from 0.46 to 0.11. The intra-class correlation (0.78) was acceptable, indicating good reliability. The results suggest that PDAQ is a valid and reliable measure of diabetes nutrition recommendations. Because it is quick to administer and score, it may be useful as a screening tool in research and as a clinical tool to monitor dietary adherence.
Project description:ObjectiveTo develop and validate new measures of diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) that are brief, developmentally appropriate, and usable in clinical research and care. Here we report on the phases of developing and validating the self-report Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL) measures for children (age 8-11) and adolescents (age 12-17).MethodsMeasure development included qualitative interviews with youth and parents (n = 16 dyads) followed by piloting draft measures and conducting cognitive debriefing with youth (n = 9) to refine the measures. To evaluate the psychometric properties, children (n = 194) and adolescents (n = 257) at three T1D Exchange Clinic Network sites completed the age-appropriate T1DAL measure and previously validated questionnaires measuring related constructs. Using psychometric data, the investigators reduced the length of each T1DAL measure to 21 and 23 items, respectively, and conducted a final round of cognitive debriefing with six children and adolescents.ResultsThe T1DAL measures for children and adolescents demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.84 and 0.89, respectively) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.78 and 0.80, respectively). Significant correlations between the T1DAL scores and measures of general quality of life, generic and diabetes-specific HRQOL, diabetes burden, and diabetes strengths demonstrated construct validity. Correlations with measures of self-management (child and adolescent) and glycemic control (adolescent only) demonstrated criterion validity. Factor analyses indicated four developmentally specific subscales per measure. Participants reported satisfaction with the measures.ConclusionsThe new T1DAL measures for children and adolescents with T1D are reliable, valid, and suitable for use in care settings and clinical research.