Cardiometabolic traits mediating the effect of education on the risk of DKD and CKD: a Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Both diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prevalent among individuals with lower levels of education in observational studies. To quantify the mediation effect of recognized cardiometabolic traits, we obtain causal estimates between education and DKD as well as CKD.

Materials and methods

We assessed the causal effect of education on DKD and CKD, separately estimated the causal effect of 26 cardiometabolic traits on DKD and CKD, and finally calculated the mediating effects and mediating proportions of each using two-step, two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR). Furthermore, the genetic association between exposure, mediators, and outcomes was investigated using linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression analys

SUBMITTER: Wang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11347428 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature