Project description:The diesel soot (DS) coated non-woven fabric was studied for oil-water separation along with the adsorption of dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. The DS coated non-woven fabric showed more than 95% separation efficiency and consistent repeatable performance during oil-water separation experiment. In addition to this, the DS coated non-woven fabric of 17.2 cm2 area successfully adsorbed ~85%, 97%, and 100% methylene blue (MB) dye, ciprofloxacin, and detergent, respectively from their respective solutions within 30 min, which was not possible using uncoated non-woven fabric. The DS coated non-woven fabric was found to be hydrophobic with the contact angle of 140° which was almost invariant upto 60 °C. Hence, the DS coated non-woven fabric showed promising performance in the oil-water separation and adsorption applications.
Project description:Membranes with selective superwettability for oil/water separation have received significant attention during the past decades. Hierarchical structures and surface roughness are believed to improve the oil repellency and the stability of Cassie-Baxter state. Diatoms, unicellular photosynthetic algae, possess sophisticated skeletal shells (called frustules) which are made of hydrated silica. Motivated by the hierarchical micro- and nanoscale features of diatom, we fabricate a hierarchical diatomite membrane which consists of aligned micro-sized channels by the freeze casting process. The fine nano-porous structures of frustules are well preserved after the post sintering process. The bioinspired diatomite membrane performs both underwater superoleophobicity and superhydrophobicity under various oils. Additionally, we demonstrate the highly efficient oil/water separation capabililty of the membranes in various harsh environments. The water flux can be further adjusted by tuning the cooling rates. The eco-friendly and robust bioinspired membranes produced by the simple, cost-effective freeze casting method can be potentially applied for large scale and efficient oil/water separation.
Project description:This study introduces a novel superhydrophobic coating applied to the fabric surface through spray coating of the Al2O3/MMT nanocomposite and PDMS polymer to enhance the surface roughness and reduce the surface tension, respectively. The as-prepared coating exhibits a remarkable superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle (WCA) of ∼174.6° and a water sliding angle (WSA) < 5°. Notably, the fabric demonstrates a self-cleaning property through removing dust and dirt via adhering to water droplets. Moreover, the insignificant loss of WCA (3.2 and 1%) after exposure to alkaline and acidic media for 10 days verifies the promising chemical stability of the coated layer, whereas WCA > 160° after 24 h of immersion in various organic solvents further indicates the layer resistance. Besides, the layer sustains WCA of 174.5, 172.5, and 168.45° after 1 month of air exposure, ultrasonic washing, and 50 cycles of home laundry. The mechanical resistance of the fabric was verified by maintaining a WCA of 158.73° after 200 abrasion cycles. Also, the layer exhibits thermal resistance with <4.1% of WCA loss in the temperature range of -10 to 180 °C. Additionally, the superhydrophobic coating excels in oil-water separation, achieving >99% separation efficiency for various oils. These exceptional properties position the fabric for diverse applications, including protective clothing, outdoor gear, medical textiles, and sportswear, emphasizing its versatility and novelty in the realm of superhydrophobic materials.
Project description:Oil/water separation has been a challenge in chemical engineering for various applications. There are numbers of studies on using coated metal meshes as a filter for oil/water separation. However, water resistance, chemical (such as: acid, base, and fouling) resistance and heat resistance for coating materials need further exploration, especially in terms of the durability of the coating materials. In this study, we synthesized a new coating material, hydrophilic polycarbonate polyurethane (HPCPU). We used HPCPU to chemically modify a steel mesh, and the mesh exhibits superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties. The HPCPU coated mesh shows excellent capacity for oil/water separation with a separation efficiency higher than 99.99% even after 40 cycles of separation. The coating material also exhibits excellent properties of water resistance, heat resistance, and chemical resistance. Moreover, the HPCPU-coated mesh exhibits a strong durability. For example, the separation efficiency for various oil/water mixtures remains higher than 99.7% after the HPCPU-coated mesh has been soaked in water for 30 days, hot water for 5 days, oils for 5 days, 0.5 M HCl solution, 0.5 M NaOH solution and 0.5 M NaCl solution for 24 hours.
Project description:In response to the industry's difficulty in properly separating oily wastewater discharge, researchers are investigating enhanced oil/water separation materials. In this work, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic textile fabric was fabricated for effective oil-water mixture and emulsion separation. A biological metal-organic framework consisting of copper as a core metal and aspartic acid as a linker (Cu-Asp MOF) was used to improve the surface roughness of the pristine textile fabric, and stearic acid was used to lower its surface energy. The thermal gravimetric analysis investigated the prepared Cu-Asp MOF's thermal stability. X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studied the crystal orientation and chemical composition of the Cu-Asp MOF, Cu-Asp MOF@SA, pristine textile fabric, and superhydrophobic textile fabric, respectively. The surface morphology of the pristine and modified textile fabric was studied by scanning electron microscope. The wettability results showed that the prepared superhydrophobic textile fabric has a water contact angle of 158° ± 1.3 and water sliding angle of 2° ± 0.2°. The prepared superhydrophobic textile fabric showed excellent oil-water mixture and emulsion separation performance, oil absorption capacity, chemical stability, mechanical abrasion resistance, and a high flux rate. These outstanding characteristics of the prepared superhydrophobic textile fabric greatly increase the possibility for practical applications.
Project description:In this work, a durable superhydrophobic fabric was fabricated by using a facile UV-induced surface covalent modification strategy. 2-isocyanatoethylmethacrylate (IEM) containing isocyanate groups can react with the pre-treated hydroxylated fabric, producing IEM molecules covalently grafted onto the fabric's surface, and the double bonds of IEM and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) underwent a photo-initiated coupling reaction under UV light radiation, resulting in the DFMA molecules further grafting onto the fabric's surface. The Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that both IEM and DFMA were covalently grafted onto the fabric's surface. The formed rough structure and grafted low-surface-energy substance contributed to the excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of ~162°) of the resultant modified fabric. Notably, such a superhydrophobic fabric can be used for efficient oil-water separation, for example a high separation efficiency of over 98%. More importantly, the modified fabric exhibited excellent durable superhydrophobicity in harsh conditions such as immersion in organic solvents for 72 h, an acidic or alkali solution (pH = 1-12) for 48 h, undergoing laundry washing for 3 h, exposure to extreme temperatures (from -196° to 120°), as well as damage such as 100 cycles of tape-peeling and a 100-cycle abrasion test; the water contact angle only slightly decreased from ~162° to 155°. This was attributed to the IEM and DFMA molecules grated onto the fabric through stable covalent interactions, which could be accomplished using the facile strategy, where the alcoholysis of isocyanate and the grafting of DFMA via click coupling chemistry were integrated into one-step. Therefore, this work provides a facile one-step surface modification strategy for preparing durable superhydrophobic fabric, which is promising for efficient oil-water separation.
Project description:Despite remarkable progress in oil/water separation and wastewater treatment, the ability to carry out the two processes in a synchronous manner has remained difficult. Here, synchronous oil/water separation and wastewater treatment were proposed on mesh surfaces coated with copper-oxide particles, which possess superwetting and catalytic properties. The superwetting performance generates additional pressure to achieve the permselectivity of the designed mesh, on which the oil phase is selectively repelled while the water phase passes though easily. Moreover, the catalytic performance of the copper oxide forms reactive oxygen species to purify the water during oil/water separation process. We show that the oil/water separation and catalytic degradation efficiencies for organic pollutants can reach more than 99% by adjusting the content of copper oxide on the mesh surfaces. Such a unique design for integrating multifunctionality on single mesh surfaces strongly underpins the synchronization of oil/water separation and wastewater treatment, which will provide a new insight for separating pure water from industrial oil/water mixtures.
Project description:Oil-polluted water is a worldwide problem due to the increasing industrial oily wastewater and the frequent oil spill accidents. Here, we report a novel kind of superhydrophilic hybrid membranes for effective oil/water separation. They were prepared by depositing CaCO3-based mineral coating on PAA-grafted polypropylene microfiltration membranes. The rigid mineral-coating traps abundant water in aqueous environment and forms a robust hydrated layer on the membrane pore surface, thus endowing the membranes with underwater superoleophobicity. Under the drive of either gravity or external pressure, the hybrid membranes separate a range of oil/water mixtures effectively with high water flux (>2000 L m(-2) h(-1)), perfect oil/water separation efficiency (>99%), high oil breakthrough pressure (>140 kPa) and low oil fouling. The oil/water mixtures include not only free mixtures but also oil-in-water emulsions. Therefore, the mineral-coated membrane enables an efficient and energy-saving separation for various oil/water mixtures, showing attractive potential for practical oil/water separation.
Project description:A novel clay-coated mesh was fabricated via a simple brush-coating method without the use of special equipment, chemical reagents, and complex chemical reactions and operation processes. Possessing superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, the clay-coated mesh can be used for efficiently separating various light oil/water mixtures. The clay-coated mesh also exhibits excellent reusability, maintaining a high separation efficiency of 99.4% after 30 repeated separations of the kerosene/water mixture.
Project description:In this work, a durable superhydrophobic fabric was fabricated by a facile covalent surface modification strategy, in which the anchoring of 10-undecenoyl chloride (UC) onto the fabric through the esterification reaction and covalent grafting of n-dodecyl-thiol (DT) via thiol-ene click chemistry were integrated into one step. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement results demonstrated that UC and DT were covalently grafted onto the fabric surface. The formed gully-like rough structure by the grafted UC and DT on the fabric surface together with the inherent microfiber structure, combined with the grafted low-surface-energy materials of UC and DT, gave the resultant modified DT-UC@fabric superhydrophobic performance. The superhydrophobic DT-UC@fabric was used for separation of oil-water mixtures; it exhibited high separation efficiency of more than 98%. In addition, it presented excellent durability against mechanical damage; even after 100 cyclic tape-peeling and abrasion tests, the DT-UC@fabric could preserve superhydrophobic performance, which was ascribed to the formed covalent interactions between the fabric surface and the grafted UC and DT. Therefore, this work provided a facile, efficient strategy for fabricating superhydrophobic composites with excellent durability, which exhibited a promising prospect in the application of self-cleaning and oil-water separation.