Assessment of the Respiratory Disease Mortality Risk from Single and Composite Exposures to PM2.5 and Ozone - Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 2018-2021.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: What is already known about this topic?
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are prevalent pollutants in the atmosphere, which threaten human health, especially the respiratory system. Typically, people are exposed to a mixture of various pollutants in the environment. Thus, the single and combined effects of both pollutants need to be investigated.What is added by this report?
PM2.5 and O3 increase the risk of death from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory diseases, with their lagged and cumulative effects analyzed, indicating an acute effect. In addition, combined exposure to both pollutants can significantly affect disease deaths.What are the implications for public health practice?
This study provides further evidence of the single and combined effects of PM2.5 and O3 on respiratory diseases, emphasizing the need for sustained efforts in air pollution control, with greater attention to the synergistic management of air pollutants.
SUBMITTER: Tu H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11350229 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Assessment of the Respiratory Disease Mortality Risk from Single and Composite Exposures to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Ozone - Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 2018-2021.
Tu Hongwei H Hu Yijun Y Hu Keqi K Dong Peipei P Wen Yue Y Jiang Jing J Xu Xuedan X Huang Jinxu J Zhu Jiemin J He Changyun C Chen Qiuxia Q Liu Yongying Y
China CDC weekly 20240801 34
<h4>What is already known about this topic?</h4>Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) are prevalent pollutants in the atmosphere, which threaten human health, especially the respiratory system. Typically, people are exposed to a mixture of various pollutants in the environment. Thus, the single and combined effects of both pollutants need to be investigated.<h4>What is added by this report?</h4>PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> increase the risk of death from lung ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about various environmental issues, including PM2.5 pollution. Here, PM2.5 pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown was traced and analyzed to clarify the sources and factors influencing PM2.5 in Guangzhou, with an emphasis on heavy pollution. The lockdown led to large reductions in industrial and traffic emissions, which significantly reduced PM2.5 concentrations in Guangzhou. Interestingly, the trend of PM2.5 concentrations was not consistent with traffic and industrial emissions, as minimum concentrations were observed in the fourth period (3/01-3/31, 22.45 μg/m3) of the lockdown. However, the concentrations of other gaseous pollutants, e.g., SO2, NO2 and CO, were correlated with industrial and traffic emissions, and the lowest values were noticed in the second period (1/24-2/03) of the lockdown. Meteorological correlation analysis revealed that the decreased PM2.5 concentrations during COVID-19 can be mainly attributed to decreased industrial and traffic emissions rather than meteorological conditions. When meteorological factors were included in the PM2.5 composition and backward trajectory analyses, we found that long-distance transportation and secondary pollution offset the reduction of primary emissions in the second and third stages of the pandemic. Notably, industrial PM2.5 emissions from western, southern and southeastern Guangzhou play an important role in the formation of heavy pollution events. Our results not only verify the importance of controlling traffic and industrial emissions, but also provide targets for further improvements in PM2.5 pollution.
| S-EPMC8279957 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe effect of ambient PM2.5 on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been investigated in epidemiological studies. However, they did not separately study new and relapsed TB infection and focused on relatively short-term effects of PM2.5. In this regard, we examined the associations of long-term PM2.5 exposures with both new and relapsed TB incidences in South Korea, where the disease burden of TB is greatest among high-income countries.MethodsAn area-level ecological study of 250 districts was conducted from 2015 to 2019. Age- and sex-standardized TB incidence ratios for each district and year were used as outcome variables, and their associations with PM2.5 concentrations for one to five-year average were examined. Negative binomial regression models incorporating spatiotemporal autocorrelation were employed using integrated nested Laplace approximations. Stratified analyses were conducted by type of TB (total, new, and relapsed cases).ResultsDistricts with higher PM2.5 concentrations tended to have significantly higher TB recurrence rate. The relative risks per 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 increase were 1.218 (95% credible interval 1.051-1.411), 1.260 (1.039-1.527) and 1.473 (1.015-2.137) using the two, three and five-year average PM2.5 exposures, respectively.ConclusionsThe results imply that interventions for reducing air pollution might help prevent TB recurrence.
| S-EPMC10480611 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Air pollution is one of the most concerning environmental issues, wherein PM2.5 concentration plays an important role. This study monitored and evaluated the PM2.5 concentration trends in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. Twenty 24-h PM2.5 samples were continuously collected during the rainy (15 Oct. to 25 Oct. 2021) and dry (19 Mar. to 29 Mar. 2022) seasons. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine the surface pattern and size distributions were analyzed using ImageJ software. The water-soluble fractions of 15 trace metal(oid)s concentrations (Al, Cu, Ni, K, Ca, Co, Mn, Cr, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Na, Fe, and Mg) bound to PM2.5 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the 24-h fine fraction PM2.5 concentrations were 24.1 ± 12.2 μg/m3 and 63.0 ± 18.7 μg/m3 in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The results indicate that the size distributions of the particles of 2.0-2.5 μm are minor, and the majority are ultrafine particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm. Overall, the mass concentration level of the water-soluble fraction of trace metal(oid)s in PM2.5 in the rainy season was higher than that in the dry season. Among these, Ca, K, and Na were the most abundant earth crustal elements in PM2.5 in the rainy and dry seasons, accounting for 85% and 41.2% of the total trace element concentrations, respectively. The major sources of PM2.5 are local and regional sources of thermal power plants, industrial parks, and waterborne transportation (domestic rivers and marine). The activities undertaken to remove Agent Orange (e.g., soil excavation, transportation, and rotary kiln incinerators) at the Bien Hoa airbase area also cause increases in the PM2.5 level in the atmosphere of Bien Hoa City.
| S-EPMC9786528 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChronic exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone pollution can affect respiratory function. ARDS, an often lethal respiratory failure, is most common among older adults. However, few epidemiology studies have investigated an association between air pollution and the risk of ARDS.MethodsThis observational study was conducted to estimate air pollution exposures at the ZIP code level and hospital admissions with ARDS among US Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years from 2000 to 2012. A two-pollutant generalized linear mixed model, adjusting for sex, age, race, median household income, smoking, and weather, was applied.ResultsThere were a total of 1,164,784 hospital admissions with ARDS in the cohort. Increases of 1 µg/m3 in annual average PM2.5 and of 1 parts per billion in annual average ozone were associated with increases in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS of 0.72% (95% CI, 0.62-0.82) and 0.15% (95% CI, 0.08-0.22), respectively. In low-pollution regions (annual average PM2.5 level < 12 µg/m3 and annual average ozone level < 45 parts per billion), the same annual increase in PM2.5 and ozone were associated with increases in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS of 1.50% (95% CI, 1.27-1.72) and 0.27% (95% CI, 0.16-0.38).ConclusionsLong-term exposures to PM2.5 and ozone were associated with increased risk of ARDS among older adults in the United States, including exposures below current annual US National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
| S-EPMC6607425 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChildhood exposure to air pollution has been linked with maladaptive cognitive development; however, less is known about the association between prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and childhood behavior.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and behavioral development in 4-6 year old children residing in Mexico City.MethodsWe used data from 539 mother-child pairs enrolled in a prospective birth cohort in Mexico City. We estimated daily PM2.5 exposure using a 1 km2 satellite-based exposure model and averaged over each trimester of pregnancy. We assessed childhood behavior at 4-6 years of age using the parent-completed Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children (BASC-2) composite scores and subscales. We used linear regression models to estimate change in BASC-2 T-scores with trimester specific 5-μg/m3 increases in PM2.5. All models were mutually adjusted for PM2.5 exposures during the other trimesters, maternal factors including age, education, socioeconomic status, depression, and IQ, child's age at study visit, and season. We additionally assessed sex-specific effects by including an interaction term between PM2.5 and sex.ResultsHigher first trimester PM2.5 exposure was associated with reduced Adaptive Skills scores (β: -1.45, 95% CI: -2.60, -0.30). Lower scores on the Adaptive Skills composite score and subscales indicate poorer functioning. For PM2.5 exposure during the first trimester, decrements were consistent across adaptive subscale scores including Adaptability (β: -1.51, 95% CI: -2.72, -0.30), Social Skills (β: -1.63, 95% CI: -2.90, -0.36), and Functional Communication (β: -1.21, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.21). The association between 1st trimester PM2.5 and depression was stronger in males than females (β for males: 1.52, 95% CI: -0.41, 3.45; β for females: -0.13, 95% CI: -1.99, 1.72; p-int: 0.07).ConclusionsExposure to PM2.5 during early pregnancy may be associated with impaired behavioral development in children, particularly for measures of adaptive skills. These results suggest that air pollution impacts behavioral domains as well as cognition, and that the timing of exposure may be critical.
| S-EPMC7708408 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nowadays in many countries, air pollution is one of the major issues affecting human health. Among the various air pollutants particulate matters are mainly present in ambient air pollution. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of particulate matter (PM) (namely PM2.5 and PM10) and to conduct zoning via GIS software in Khorramabad city (Summer - 2017). According to the findings, the average concentrations of PM2.5 in July, August and September were 100.1, 116.3, and 199.8 μg/m3, respectively. Furthermore, the average concentrations of PM10 in July, August and September were 199.8, 215.7, and 190.8 μg/m3, respectively. The findings of this study also indicated that due to continuous dust storms,particularly in recent years, the air pollution status in Khorramabad was not suitable that can adversely affect public health.
| S-EPMC6139470 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ambient particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns PM2.5) levels in Delhi routinely exceed World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for acceptable levels of daily exposure. Only a handful of studies have examined the short-term mortality effects of PM in India, with none from Delhi examining the contribution of PM2.5.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the association between short-term PM2.5 exposures and daily nonaccidental mortality in Delhi, India.MethodsUsing generalized additive Poisson regression models, we examined the association between daily PM2.5 exposures and nonaccidental mortality between June 2010 and December 2016. Daily exposures to PM2.5 were estimated using an ensemble averaging technique developed by our research group, and mortality data were obtained from the Municipal Corporations of Delhi and the New Delhi Municipal Council.ResultsMedian exposures to PM2.5 were 91.1 µg/m3 (interquartile range = 68.9, 126.2), with minimum and maximum exposures of 21.4 µg/m3 and 276.7 µg/m3, respectively. Total nonaccidental deaths recorded in Delhi during the study period were 700,512. Each 25 µg/m3 increment in exposure was associated with a 0.8% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.3, 1.3%) increase in daily nonaccidental mortality in the study population and a 1.5% (95% CI = 0.8, 2.2%) increase in mortality among those with 60 years of age or over. The exposure-response relationship was nonlinear in nature, with relative risk rising rapidly before tapering off above 125 µg/m3. Meeting WHO guidelines for acceptable levels of exposure over the study period would have likely averted 17,526 (95% CI = 6,837, 25,589) premature deaths, with older and male populations disproportionately affected.DiscussionThis study provides robust evidence of the impact of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on nonaccidental mortality with important considerations for various stakeholders including policymakers and physicians. Most importantly, we find that reducing exposures significantly below current levels would substantially decrease the mortality burden associated with PM2.5.
| S-EPMC8367036 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Personal exposure PM samples aid in determining the sources and chemical composition of real-world exposures, particularly in settings with household air pollution. However, their use in toxicological research is limited, despite uncertainty regarding health effects in these settings and evidence of differential toxicity among PM2.5 sources and components. This study used women's PM2.5 exposure samples collected using personal exposure monitoring in rural villages in three Chinese provinces (Beijing, Shanxi, and Sichuan) during summer and winter. Water-soluble organic carbon, ions, elements, and organic tracers (e.g. levoglucosan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) were quantified in water and organic PM2.5 extracts. Human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to the extracts. Cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gene expression were measured. Biomass burning contributions were higher in Sichuan samples than in Beijing or Shanxi. Some PM characteristics (total PAHs and coal combustion source contributions) and biological effects of organic extract exposures (cell death, ROS, and cytokine gene expression) shared a common trend of higher levels and effects in winter than in summer for Shanxi and Beijing but no seasonal differences in Sichuan. Modulation of phase I/AhR-related genes (cyp1a1 and cyp1b1) and phase II/oxidative stress-related genes (HO-1, SOD1/2, NQO-1, and catalase) was either low or insignificant, without clear trends between samples. No significant cell death or ROS production was observed for water extract treatments among all sites and seasons, even at possible higher concentrations tested. These results support organic components, particularly PAHs, as essential drivers of biological effects, which is consistent with some other evidence from ambient PM2.5.
| S-EPMC8459644 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reduced-form modeling approaches are an increasingly popular way to rapidly estimate air quality and human health impacts related to changes in air pollutant emissions. These approaches reduce computation time by making simplifying assumptions about pollutant source characteristics, transport and chemistry. Two reduced form tools used by the Environmental Protection Agency in recent assessments are source apportionment-based benefit per ton (SA BPT) and source apportionment-based air quality surfaces (SABAQS). In this work, we apply these two reduced form tools to predict changes in ambient summer-season ozone, ambient annual PM2.5 component species and monetized health benefits for multiple sector-specific emission control scenarios: on-road mobile, electricity generating units (EGUs), cement kilns, petroleum refineries, and pulp and paper facilities. We then compare results against photochemical grid and standard health model-based estimates. We additionally compare monetized PM2.5 health benefits to values derived from three reduced form tools available in the literature: the Intervention Model for Air Pollution (InMAP), Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy Analysis (APEEP) version 2 (AP2) and Estimating Air pollution Social Impact Using Regression (EASIUR). Ozone and PM2.5 changes derived from SABAQS for EGU scenarios were well-correlated with values obtained from photochemical modeling simulations with spatial correlation coefficients between 0.64 and 0.89 for ozone and between 0.75 and 0.94 for PM2.5. SABAQS ambient ozone and PM2.5 bias when compared to photochemical modeling predictions varied by emissions scenario: SABAQS PM2.5 changes were overpredicted by up to 46% in one scenario and underpredicted by up to 19% in another scenario; SABAQS seasonal ozone changes were overpredicted by 34% to 83%. All tools predicted total PM2.5 benefits within a factor of 2 of the full-form predictions consistent with intercomparisons of reduced form tools available in the literature. As reduced form tools evolve, it is important to continue periodic comparison with comprehensive models to identify systematic biases in estimating air pollution impacts and resulting monetized health benefits.
| S-EPMC10425884 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fine particulate matter is considered to be the most significant ambient air pollutant in terms of potential health impacts. Therefore, it is important that regulators are able to accurately assess the exposure of populations to PM10 and PM2.5 across municipal areas. We report on the practicalities of using a laser light scattering portable particulate monitor (Turnkey Instruments DustMate), in combination with a GPS, to map PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on city-wide scales in Newcastle upon Tyne/Gateshead (UK), during a series of walking surveys. A heated inlet is necessary to remove moisture droplets from the sampled air prior to analysis by the instrument, though this also results in the loss of volatile particulate components, particularly from the PM2.5 fraction. A co-location calibration study was carried out with a reference urban background Tapered Element Oscillating Micro-Balance/Filter Dynamics Measuring System (TEOM-FDMS) system in Newcastle that is part of the UK's Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) of air quality monitoring stations. For PM10, orthogonal regression of the DustMate against TEOM-FDMS data gave a slope and intercept of 1.02 ± 0.06 and -3.7 ± 1.2, respectively (R2 = 0.73), whereas for PM2.5, the respective values were 0.78 ± 0.06 and -0.63 ± 0.55 (R2 = 0.79). These parameters are comparable to literature calibration studies using this technology. There was good agreement between simultaneous samples taken using two DustMate instruments: for PM10, a slope and intercept of 1.05 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.5, respectively (R2 = 0.73), were obtained, whereas for the PM2.5, the respective values were 0.79 ± 0.01 and 0.19 ± 0.06 (R2 = 0.86). Correction factors based on the slope and intercepts obtained from the calibration exercise were applied to raw data collected from the DustMate. An annually-normalised correction procedure was then used to account for different background particulate concentrations on different sampling days. These corrected PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and corresponding GPS coordinates were displayed on a base map using Google Fusion Tables and Google Earth Professional. Almost all areas surveyed in Newcastle/Gateshead were well below the EU Air Quality Standards for PM10 and PM2.5.
| S-EPMC5093208 | biostudies-literature