Engineering Central Substitutions in Heptamethine Dyes for Improved Fluorophore Performance.

ABSTRACT: As a major family of red-shifted fluorophores that operate beyond visible light, polymethine dyes are pivotal in light-based biological techniques. However, methods for tuning this kind of fluorophores by structural modification remain restricted to bottom-up synthesis and modification using coupling or nucleophilic substitutions. In this study, we introduce a two-step, late-stage functionalization process for heptamethine dyes. This process enables the substitution of the central chlorine atom in the commonly used 4'-chloro heptamethine scaffold with various aryl groups using aryllithium reagents. This method borrows the building block and designs from the xanthene dye community and offers a mild and convenient way for the diversification of heptamethine fluorophores. Notably, this effici

SUBMITTER: Guo L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11350720 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature