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Novel Candidate Genes Involved in an Initial Stage of White Striping Development in Broiler Chickens.

ABSTRACT: White striping (WS) is a myopathy characterized by the appearance of white stripes parallel to the muscle fibers in the breast of broiler chickens, composed of adipose and connective tissues. This condition causes economic losses and, although common, its etiology remains poorly understood. Hence, the objective was to identify genes and biological mechanisms involved in the early stages of WS using a paternal broiler line that grows slightly slower than commercial ones, at 35 days of age, through the RNA sequencing of the pectoralis major muscle. Thirty genes were differentially expressed between normal and WS-affected chickens, with 23 upregulated and 7 downregulated in the affected broilers. Of these, 14 genes are novel candidates for WS and are implicated in biological processes related to muscle development (CEPBD, DUSP8, METTL21EP, NELL2, and UBE3D), lipid metabolism (PDK4, DDIT4, FKBP5, DGAT2, LIPG, TDH, and RGCC), and collagen (COL4A5 and COL4A6). Genes related to changes in muscle fiber type and the processes of apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and differentiation are possibly involved with the initial stage of WS development. In contrast, the genes linked to lipid metabolism and collagen may have their expression altered due to the progression of the myopathy.

SUBMITTER: Padilha SF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11350825 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel Candidate Genes Involved in an Initial Stage of White Striping Development in Broiler Chickens.

Padilha Suelen Fernandes SF Ibelli Adriana Mércia Guaratini AMG Peixoto Jane Oliveira JO Cantão Maurício Egídio ME Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro GCM Fernandes Lana Teixeira LT Tavernari Fernando Castro FC Morés Marcos Antônio Zanella MAZ Bastos Ana Paula Almeida APA Dias Laila Talarico LT Teixeira Rodrigo Almeida RA Ledur Mônica Corrêa MC

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20240816 16

White striping (WS) is a myopathy characterized by the appearance of white stripes parallel to the muscle fibers in the breast of broiler chickens, composed of adipose and connective tissues. This condition causes economic losses and, although common, its etiology remains poorly understood. Hence, the objective was to identify genes and biological mechanisms involved in the early stages of WS using a paternal broiler line that grows slightly slower than commercial ones, at 35 days of age, throug ...[more]

PMID: 39199913

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Project description:The current study investigated the effects of intermittent feeding (IF) and fasting strategies at different times post-hatch on muscle growth and white striping (WS) breast development. In the first trial, 32 one-day-old Abor Acre broilers were fed ad libitum (AL) for 3 d post-hatch and then randomly allotted into 4 feeding strategies including AL, 1h-IF group (1 h IF, 4 times feeding/d, 1 h each time), 1.5h-IF (1.5 h IF, 4 times feeding/d, 1.5 h each time), and fasting (1d acute fasting, 6 d free access to feed) groups and fed for 7 d. Although angiogenic genes including VEGFA, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, and myogenic genes including MYOG and MYOD were upregulated (P < 0.05), the breast muscle satellite cell (SC) number and PAX7, MYF5 expression were decreased by the IF strategies (P < 0.05). One-day fasting at 6 d of age also upregulated angiogenic genes and MYOD expression (P < 0.05), downregulated MYF5 expression (P < 0.05), but did not change SC number (P > 0.05). In the second trial, 384 one-day-old birds were fed AL for 1 wk and then randomly allotted to the above 4 feeding strategies starting at 8 d of age until 42 d of age. Similarly, IF and fasting strategies upregulated the expression of angiogenic and myogenic genes (P < 0.05). Both 1h-IF and 1.5h-IF increased breast muscle SC number (P < 0.05). At slaughter, breast muscle fiber diameter of 1.5h-IF was smaller but the SC number was larger than that of the birds fed AL (P < 0.05). The IF and fasting strategies prevented WS development, and reduced breast WS scores and triglyceride content (P < 0.05) without changing the body weight (P > 0.05). Fasting and 1h-IF reduced the expression of adipogenic genes ZNF423 and PDGFRα (P < 0.05). Moreover, IF and fasting strategies reduced fibrosis in breast muscle and reduced skeletal muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (TRIM63 and MAFBX) (P < 0.05). Fasting significantly reduced CASPASE-3 in breast muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IF starting in the first week decreases SC number. Compared to AL, IF or fasting promotes muscular angiogenesis, increases SC number, prevents muscle degeneration, and prevents the development of WS without impairing the growth performance of broiler chickens.

Project description:BackgroundWhite striping (WS) is an emerging muscular defect occurring on breast and thigh muscles of broiler chickens. It is characterized by the presence of white striations parallel to the muscle fibers and has significant consequences for meat quality. The etiology of WS remains poorly understood, even if previous studies demonstrated that the defect prevalence is related to broiler growth and muscle development. Moreover, recent studies showed moderate to high heritability values of WS, which emphasized the role of genetics in the expression of the muscle defect. The aim of this study was to identify the first quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for WS as well as breast muscle yield (BMY) and meat quality traits using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We took advantage of two divergent lines of chickens selected for meat quality through Pectoralis major ultimate pH (pHu) and which exhibit the muscular defect. An expression QTL (eQTL) detection was further performed for some candidate genes, either suggested by GWAS analysis or based on their biological function.ResultsForty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with WS and other meat quality traits were identified. They defined 18 QTL regions located on 13 chromosomes. These results supported a polygenic inheritance of the studied traits and highlighted a few pleiotropic regions. A set of 16 positional and/or functional candidate genes was designed for further eQTL detection. A total of 132 SNPs were associated with molecular phenotypes and defined 21 eQTL regions located on 16 chromosomes. Interestingly, several co-localizations between QTL and eQTL regions were observed which could suggest causative genes and gene networks involved in the variability of meat quality traits and BMY.ConclusionsThe QTL mapping carried out in the current study for WS did not support the existence of a major gene, but rather suggested a polygenic inheritance of the defect and of other studied meat quality traits. We identified several candidate genes involved in muscle metabolism and structure and in muscular dystrophies. The eQTL analyses showed that they were part of molecular networks associated with WS and meat quality phenotypes and suggested a few putative causative genes.

Project description:White striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) have been previously associated with older and heavier birds. However, there is limited information supporting the association between these 2 muscle conditions and growth parameters. The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the relationship between WS and WB using different growth production factors and 2) to propose a predictive model that uses growth production factors to investigate the incidence and severity of WS and WB. A combined database of 4,332 broilers pooled from 7 research experiments conducted from 2016 to 2017 at Texas A&M University was used in this study. Parameters such as sex, age (4 wk, 6 wk, and 8 wk), strain (standard A vs. high-breast-yield [B and C]), live weight categories (500 g increments), and breast weight categories (250 g increments) were included in the model. Results showed that WS was 12% more likely to be present in non-WB fillets. The association between WS and WB suggests a moderate relationship between the ranks of both outcome variables (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.0001). Variables such as age, live weight, and sex were not as important as breast weight and strain in the severity prediction of WS and WB. Butterfly fillets above 750 g and with high-breast-yielding strains were more likely associated with higher severity of WS and WB scores. No post hoc variable selection was performed. Both models show good discrimination. The WS model produced an uncorrected area under the curve (AUC) of 0.739, with a bootstrap corrected estimate of 0.736. The WB model produced an uncorrected AUC of 0.753 and a bootstrap corrected estimate of 0.752. Therefore, the growth production factors analyzed in this study indicated that there is a moderate relationship between WS and WB myopathies and were jointly predictive of the severity of WS and WB. Potentially other factors not included in this study may play a major role in the relationship of these 2 myopathies. More research should be done to investigate this possibility.

Project description:Spaghetti meat (SM), woody breast (WB), and white striping (WS) are myopathies that affect the pectoral muscle of fast-growing broiler chickens. The prevalence and possible risk factors of these myopathies have been reported in other countries, but not yet in Canada. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with these myopathies in a representative population of Canadian broilers. From May 2019 to March 2020, 250 random breast fillets from each of 37 flocks (total, 9,250) were obtained from two processing plants and assessed for the presence and severity of myopathies. Demographic data (e.g., sex and average live weight), environmental conditions during the grow-out period (e.g., temperature), and husbandry parameters (e.g., vaccination) were collected for each flock. Associations between these factors and the myopathies were tested using logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of SM, severe WB, and mild or moderate WS was 36.3% (95% CI: 35.3-37.3), 11.8% (95% CI: 11.2-12.5), and 96.0% (95% CI: 95.6-96.4), respectively. Most (85.1%) of the fillets showed multiple myopathies. Regression analyses showed that the odds of SM increased with live weight (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01-1.69) and higher environmental temperature during the grow-out period (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.31-2.34). The odds of WB increased with live weight (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.47) and when flocks were not vaccinated against coccidia (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.51-2.29). This study documents for the first time a high prevalence of myopathies in Ontario broilers, and suggests that these lesions may have a significant economic impact on the Canadian poultry industry. Our results indicate that environmental conditions and husbandry are associated with the development of breast myopathies, in agreement with the current literature. Future studies are needed to determine how risk factors can promote the occurrence of these conditions, in order to implement possible mitigating strategies.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The proximal femoral head separation (FHS) or epiphysiolysis is a prevalent disorder affecting the chicken femur epiphysis, being considered a risk factor to infection which can cause bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers. To identify the genetic mechanisms involved in epiphysiolysis, differentially expressed (DE) genes in the femur of normal and FHS-affected broilers were identified using RNA-Seq technology. Femoral growth plate (GP) samples from 35-day-old commercial male broilers were collected from 4 healthy and 4 FHS-affected broilers. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina paired-end protocol. Differentially expressed genes were obtained using the edgeR package based on the False Discovery Rate (FDR < 0.05). RESULTS:Approximately 16 million reads/sample were generated with 2 × 100 bp paired-end reads. After data quality control, approximately 12 million reads/sample were mapped to the reference chicken genome (Galgal5). A total of 12,645 genes were expressed in the femur GP. Out of those, 314 were DE between groups, being 154 upregulated and 160 downregulated in FHS-affected broilers. In the functional analyses, several biological processes (BP) were overrepresented. Among them, those related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM), bone development, blood circulation and lipid metabolism, which are more related to chicken growth, are possibly involved with the onset of FHS. On the other hand, BP associated to apoptosis or cell death and immune response, which were also found in our study, could be related to the consequence of the FHS. CONCLUSIONS:Genes with potential role in the epiphysiolysis were identified through the femur head transcriptome analysis, providing a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate bone development in fast-growing chickens. In this study, we highlighted the importance of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix related genes in triggering FHS. Furthermore, we have shown new insights on the involvement of lipidemia and immune response/inflammation with FHS in broilers. Understanding the changes in the GP transcriptome might support breeding strategies to address poultry robustness and to obtain more resilient broilers.

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Novel Candidate Genes Involved in an Initial Stage of White Striping Development in Broiler Chickens.

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Novel Candidate Genes Involved in an Initial Stage of White Striping Development in Broiler Chickens.

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