Dataset Information

The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

ABSTRACT: Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space^1-6. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study⁷, JAXA CFE study^8,9, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew^10-12, Axiom and Polaris. The SOMA resource represents a more than tenfold increase in publicly available human space omics data, with matched samples available from the Cornell Aerospace Medicine Biobank. The Atlas includes extensive molecular and physiological profiles encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiome datasets, which reveal some consistent features across missions, including cytokine shifts, telomere elongation and gene expression changes, as well as mission-specific molecular responses and links to orthologous, tissue-specific mouse datasets. Leveraging the datasets, tools and resources in SOMA can help to accelerate precision aerospace medicine, bringing needed health monitoring, risk mitigation and countermeasure data for upcoming lunar, Mars and exploration-class missions.

SUBMITTER: Overbey EG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11357981 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

Overbey Eliah G EG Kim JangKeun J Tierney Braden T BT Park Jiwoon J Houerbi Nadia N Lucaci Alexander G AG Garcia Medina Sebastian S Damle Namita N Najjar Deena D Grigorev Kirill K Afshin Evan E EE Ryon Krista A KA Sienkiewicz Karolina K Patras Laura L Klotz Remi R Ortiz Veronica V MacKay Matthew M Schweickart Annalise A Chin Christopher R CR Sierra Maria A MA Valenzuela Matias F MF Dantas Ezequiel E Nelson Theodore M TM Cekanaviciute Egle E Deards Gabriel G Foox Jonathan J Narayanan S Anand SA Schmidt Caleb M CM Schmidt Michael A MA Schmidt Julian C JC Mullane Sean S Tigchelaar Seth Stravers SS Levitte Steven S Westover Craig C Bhattacharya Chandrima C Lucotti Serena S Wain Hirschberg Jeremy J Proszynski Jacqueline J Burke Marissa M Kleinman Ashley S AS Butler Daniel J DJ Loy Conor C Mzava Omary O Lenz Joan J Paul Doru D Mozsary Christopher C Sanders Lauren M LM Taylor Lynn E LE Patel Chintan O CO Khan Sharib A SA Suhail Mohamad Mir M Byhaqui Syed Gufran Ahmad SGA Aslam Burhan B Gajadhar Aaron S AS Williamson Lucy L Tandel Purvi P Yang Qiu Q Chu Jessica J Benz Ryan W RW Siddiqui Asim A Hornburg Daniel D Blease Kelly K Moreno Juan J Boddicker Andrew A Zhao Junhua J Lajoie Bryan B Scott Ryan T RT Gilbert Rachel R RR Lai Polo San-Huei SH Altomare Andrew A Kruglyak Semyon S Levy Shawn S Ariyapala Ishara I Beer Joanne J Zhang Bingqing B Hudson Briana M BM Rininger Aric A Church Sarah E SE Beheshti Afshin A Church George M GM Smith Scott M SM Crucian Brian E BE Zwart Sara R SR Matei Irina I Lyden David C DC Garrett-Bakelman Francine F Krumsiek Jan J Chen Qiuying Q Miller Dawson D Shuga Joe J Williams Stephen S Nemec Corey C Trudel Guy G Pelchat Martin M Laneuville Odette O De Vlaminck Iwijn I Gross Steven S Bolton Kelly L KL Bailey Susan M SM Granstein Richard R Furman David D Melnick Ari M AM Costes Sylvain V SV Shirah Bader B Yu Min M Menon Anil S AS Mateus Jaime J Meydan Cem C Mason Christopher E CE

Nature 20240611 8027

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space<sup>1-6</sup>. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), ...[more]

PMID: 38862028

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Project description:The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to spaceflight are as yet not fully investigated and well understood. The MUSCLE BIOPSY study analyzed pre and postflight deep calf muscle biopsies (m. soleus) obtained from five male International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. Moderate rates of myofiber atrophy were found in long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts (~180 days in space) performing routine inflight exercise as countermeasure (CM) compared to a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (11 days in space, little or no inflight CM) for reference control. Conventional H&E scout histology showed enlarged intramuscular connective tissue gaps between myofiber groups in LDM post vs. preflight. Immunoexpression signals of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, collagen 4 and 6, COL4 and 6, and perlecan were reduced while matrix-metalloproteinase, MMP2, biomarker remained unchanged in LDM post vs. preflight suggesting connective tissue remodeling. Large scale proteomics (space omics) identified two canonical protein pathways associated to muscle weakness (necroptosis, GP6 signaling/COL6) in SDM and four key pathways (Fatty acid β-oxidation, integrin-linked kinase ILK, Rho A GTPase RHO, dilated cardiomyopathy signaling) explicitly in LDM. The levels of structural ECM organization proteins COL6A1/A3, fibrillin 1, FBN1, and lumican, LUM, increased in postflight SDM vs. LDM. Proteins from tricarboxylic acid, TCA cycle, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and lipid metabolism mostly recovered in LDM vs. SDM. High levels of calcium signaling proteins, ryanodine receptor 1, RyR1, calsequestrin 1/2, CASQ1/2, annexin A2, ANXA2, and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA1) pump, ATP2A, were signatures of SDM, and decreased levels of oxidative stress peroxiredoxin 1, PRDX1, thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, PRDX3, or superoxide dismutase [Mn] 2, SOD2, signatures of LDM postflight. Results help to better understand the spatiotemporal molecular adaptation of skeletal muscle and provide a large scale database of skeletal muscle from human spaceflight for the better design of effective CM protocols in future human deep space exploration.

Project description:IntroductionSpaceflight leads to the deconditioning of multiple body systems including the immune system. We sought to characterize the molecular response involved by capturing changes in leukocyte transcriptomes from astronauts transitioning to and from long-duration spaceflight.MethodsFourteen male and female astronauts with ~6-month- long missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) had 10 blood samples collected throughout the three phases of the study: one pre-flight (PF), four in-flight (IF) while onboard the ISS, and five upon return to Earth (R). We measured gene expression through RNA sequencing of leukocytes and applied generalized linear modeling to assess differential expression across all 10 time points followed by the analysis of selected time points and functional enrichment of changing genes to identify shifts in biological processes.ResultsOur temporal analysis identified 276 differentially expressed transcripts grouped into two clusters (C) showing opposite profiles of expression with transitions to and from spaceflight: (C1) decrease-then-increase and (C2) increase-then-decrease. Both clusters converged toward average expression between ~2 and ~6 months in space. Further analysis of spaceflight transitions identified the decrease-then-increase pattern with most changes: 112 downregulated genes between PF and early spaceflight and 135 upregulated genes between late IF and R. Interestingly, 100 genes were both downregulated when reaching space and upregulated when landing on Earth. Functional enrichment at the transition to space related to immune suppression increased cell housekeeping functions and reduced cell proliferation. In contrast, egress to Earth is related to immune reactivation.ConclusionThe leukocytes' transcriptome changes describe rapid adaptations in response to entering space followed by opposite changes upon returning to Earth. These results shed light on immune modulation in space and highlight the major adaptive changes in cellular activity engaged to adapt to extreme environments.

Dataset Information

The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

Publications

The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

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