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Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers on infection prevention and control in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of death in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. The existence of emerging, re-emerging, and drug-resistant infectious agents maximizes the importance of infection prevention and control. Healthcare workers are the key actors in the prevention and control of infection. As a result assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers toward infection prevention and control is very critical in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare providers toward infection prevention in Ethiopia. PubMed, Scopus, SEMANTIC SCHOLAR, Google Scholar, and Addis Ababa University Digital Library were systematically searched for relevant literature until November 18/2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal tool. Data were abstracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA version 11. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity among reported studies was assessed by Forest plot, Cochran's Q-statistics, and I2 test. Publication bias was checked using funnel plots, and Egger's regression test. In addition, sub-group and sensitivity analyses were conducted. A total of 7,681 articles were retrieved of which 19 studies with 5,650 healthcare workers were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. About 74.5% (95% CI, 65.88, 83.12), 66.71% (95% CI 55.15, 78.28), and 55.2% (95% CI 48.22, 62.18) of healthcare workers were knowledgeable, had positive attitudes, and good standard of practice on infection prevention respectively. Despite acceptable knowledge and attitude, about half of the healthcare workers have unsafe infection prevention and control practices in Ethiopia. Hence, serious attention should be given to healthcare workers' application of infection prevention standards in their working environment.

SUBMITTER: Wubneh CA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11376544 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers on infection prevention and control in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wubneh Chalachew Adugna CA Mekonnen Birye Dessalegn BD Alemu Tewodros Getaneh TG Techane Masresha Asmare MA Assimamaw Nega Tezera NT Belay Getaneh Mulualem GM Tamir Tadesse Tarik TT Muhye Addis Bilal AB Kassie Destaye Guadie DG Wondim Amare A Terefe Bewuketu B Tarekegn Bethelihem Tigabu BT Ali Mohammed Seid MS Fentie Beletech B Gonete Almaz Tefera AT Tekeba Berhan B Kassa Selam Fisiha SF Desta Bogale Kassahun BK Ayele Amare Demsie AD Dessie Melkamu Tilahun MT Atalell Kendalem Asmare KA

PloS one 20240905 9

<h4>Introduction</h4>Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of death in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. The existence of emerging, re-emerging, and drug-resistant infectious agents maximizes the importance of infection prevention and control. Healthcare workers are the key actors in the prevention and control of infection. As a result assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers toward infection prevention and control is very critical in the pr ...[more]

PMID: 39236020

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Project description:BackgroundAn emerging respiratory disease abbreviated as coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. The virus is zoonotic and tends to be transmitted between animals to humans and humans to humans. The major route of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 is droplet and close contact. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has initiated training for health care workers at a different level. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health workers in Ethiopia toward coronavirus disease 2019 and its prevention techniques.MethodAn institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in each of eight teaching and referral hospitals. A total of 422 Ethiopian healthcare workers were selected for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward coronavirus disease 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the attitude and knowledge of healthcare workers toward coronavirus disease 2019 at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultThree hundred ninety-seven healthcare workers participated in the study, with a response rate of 94%. Among these, 88.2% and 94.7% of respondents had good knowledge and positive attitudes, respectively. A respondent with a history of chronic medical illness (odds ratio: 0.193, 95% confidence interval: 0.063-0.593), social media, telecommunication, and television/radio as a source of information were significantly associated with knowledge (odds ratio: 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-7.4, OR: 4.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-14.3 and odds ratio: 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-7.2). In addition, respondents with a history of chronic medical illness were significantly associated with a negative attitude toward coronavirus disease 2019.ConclusionThe knowledge and attitude were good while; the practice was relatively low. Sources of information such as social media, telecommunication, and television/radio were positively associated with healthcare workers' knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019.

Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection during pregnancy causes adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, severe illness, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and death. Pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 infection prevention are crucial to ensure the health of the mother and foetus. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of pregnant women's KAP towards COVID-19 infection prevention in Ethiopia.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Online Journal, and Web of Sciences database to retrieve related articles. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was used. Funnel plot and Eggers test were done to assess publication bias. Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistic were done to chick evidence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was computed based on the study region and year of publication. Data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Weighted inverse variance random effect model was run to estimate the pooled prevalence of pregnant women's KAP towards COVID-19 infection prevention.ResultsA total of 9 studies with 4,103 pregnant women were included. The pooled prevalence of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 infection prevention among pregnant women's in Ethiopia were 60.24% (95% CI; 53.69 to 66.79, I2 = 95%), 62.46% (95% CI; 45.68, 79.23, I2 = 98.8%), and 52.29% (95% CI; 43.91%-60.66% I2 = 96.5%) respectively. Maternal age (AOR = 1.87, 1.40-2.49), residence (AOR = 2.23, 1.50-3.31), secondary and above educational status (AOR = 3.36, 2.46-4.58), good knowledge (AOR = 2.73, 2.18-3.41), and fear of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.60, 1.78, 3.80) were factors associated with COVID-19 infection prevention practice among pregnant women's in Ethiopia.ConclusionThe knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 infection prevention among pregnant women were low. Therefore, policymakers, maternal and child health program planners, and stakeholders should target to improve pregnant women's awareness regarding COVID-19 infection preventive measures.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough several training courses for Health Care Workers (HCWs) on COVID-19 were conducted in Yemen, no evaluation has been done to assess the effectiveness of such training on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of HCWs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of training on the KAP of HCWs toward infection prevention and control (IPC) for COVID-19, determine the relationship between the change in the KAP of HCWs, and identify the associated factors with the change in KAP.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2021. It was conducted among 186 HCWs working at COVID-19 isolation centers and caring for COVID-19 patients, in all Yemen's governorates. The data were collected one week before and immediately after the training session. SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and analysis. The median, interquartile range (IQR) and median difference were calculated. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to estimate the significant difference between KAP pre- and post-training scores. Kurskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess the associated factors. Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used to assess the statistical relationship between the change in KAP. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of 186 HCWs, 181 HCWs filled the pre- and post-assessment, with a response rate of 97.3%. The median difference (IQR) in the KAP scores were 3.0 (1.0 and 6.0), 1.0 (-1.0 and 4.0) and 2.0 (-1.0 and 5.0), respectively. However, there are statistical difference in the KAP scores between the pre- and post-training (p value = 0.000, 0.004 and 0.000, respectively). There are significant positive correlations between the change in knowledge, attitude and practice (all p values < 0.01). A significantly change in knowledge was found among those working in epidemiological surveillance (p value = 0.031).ConclusionsThis evaluation concludes that the training program is effective in improving the KAP of HCWs toward IPC for COVID-19. It provides scientific evidence about the importance of training courses for HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further study is recommended to evaluate the retention of the KAP after a period of training.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Given the inherent characteristics of the Hajj pilgrimage, the event is a risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of TB cases by knowledgeable and skilled healthcare workers (HCWs) are key in improving patients' outcome and preventing transmission during the Hajj mass gathering and globally. METHOD:We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HCWs deployed during the 2016 Hajj regarding TB and its management using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS:Data was collected from 540 HCWs from 13 hospitals. HCWs originated from 17 countries and included physicians, nurses and other non-administrative HCWs. Nearly half of HCWs declared having experience dealing with TB patients. In general, HCWs had average knowledge (mean knowledge score of 52%), above average attitude (mean attitude score of 73%) and good practice (mean practice score of 85%) regarding TB, based on our scoring system and cut-off points. Knowledge gaps were identified in relation to the definition of MDR-/XDR-TB and LTBI, smear microscopy results, length of standard TB treatment for drug-sensitive TB, 2nd line anti-TB drugs, BCG vaccination, and appropriate PPE to be used with active PTB patients. Poor attitudes were found in relation to willingness to work in TB clinic/ward and to the management and treatment of TB patients. Poor practices were reported for commencing anti-TB treatment on suspected TB cases before laboratory confirmation and not increasing natural ventilation in TB patients' rooms. Age, gender, nationality, occupation, length of work experience and experience dealing with TB patients were associated with knowledge scores. Age and occupation were associated with attitude scores while length of work experience and occupation were associated with practice scores. There was a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between score for knowledge and attitude (rs = 0.11, p = 0.009) and attitude and practice (rs = 0.13, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS:While the results of the study are encouraging, important knowledge gaps and some poor attitudes and practices regarding TB were identified among HCWs during Hajj. This calls for multifaceted interventions to improve HCWs KAP regarding TB including tailored, periodic TB education and training aimed at boosting knowledge and improving behaviour.

Project description:BackgroundHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a common challenge faced in healthcare facilities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evaluating the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among healthcare personnel regarding HCAI prevention and identifying the relevant factors is important for handling and controlling these infections. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the direct and indirect effects of knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) towards HCAIs prevention in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC).MethodAn institutional cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2022. A total of 262 was sampled from 1354 health professionals working in JUMC using the population proportion stratified random sampling method. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify the direct and indirect effects of KAP of HCWs on HCAIs.ResultsOf the 262 participants, 55% (n = 144) were nurses and 52.7% were female. The study found that HCW occupational skills (os) had a direct effect on knowledge (k) and attitudes (a) in preventing HCAIs (βos→k = 1.43, Pos→k = 0.004, and βos→a = 0.65, Pos→a = 0.004). HCWs' practice on HCAIs had an effect (βos→p = -0.79; Pos→p = 0.004). HCWs' attitudes toward HCAI preventive practice (p) and knowledge had an effect, p-values Pa→p = .002 and Pa→k = .003, respectively. Indirect effects revealed that HCWs' attitudes towards preventing HCAIs through practice had an impact (γa→k = .426, Pa→k = .003). HCWs' occupational skills and attitudes towards preventing HCAIs had an effect (γos→p = .523, Pos→p = .002).ConclusionThe finding indicated that attitude and occupational skills can be improved through practice which finally brings a significant improvement in the knowledge of HCWs about HCAIs prevention. Besides, there were direct effects of occupational skills on the practices of HCAIs prevention. This highlights ongoing training and mentoring of HCWs during practice is essential to enhance HCAIs prevention.

Dataset Information

Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers on infection prevention and control in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publications

Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers on infection prevention and control in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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