Progression of frailty and cardiovascular outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Frailty is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes independent of age and comorbidities, yet the independent influence of frailty progression on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain.

Methods

To determine whether frailty progression is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, independent of baseline frailty and age, we evaluated all Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries ≥65 years at cohort inception with continuous enrollment from 2003 to 2015. Linear mixed effects models, adjusted for baseline frailty and age, were used to estimate change in a validated claims-based frailty index (CFI) over a 5-year period. Survival analysis was used to examine frailty progression and risk of adverse health outcomes.

Results

There were 8.9 million uniq

SUBMITTER: Gong Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11461101 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature