Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination.

ABSTRACT: Increasing evidence points to the microbial exposome as a critical factor in maturing and shaping the host immune system, thereby influencing responses to immune challenges such as infections or vaccines. To investigate the effect of early-life viral exposures on immune development and vaccine responses, we inoculated mice with six distinct viral pathogens in sequence beginning in the neonatal period, and then evaluated their immune signatures before and after intramuscular or intranasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Sequential viral infection drove profound changes in all aspects of the immune system, including increasing circulating leukocytes, altering innate and adaptive immune cell lineages in tissues, and markedly influencing serum cytokine and total antibody levels. Beyond changes

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11472911 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature