An overlooked nanofluids effect from Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles enhances mass transfer in anammox granular sludge.

ABSTRACT: Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) particles have been widely reported to enhance the anammox's activity in anammox granular sludge (AnGS), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrates that both Fe₃O₄ microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) at a dosage of 200 mg Fe₃O₄/L significantly increased the specific anammox activity (SAA) of AnGS. Additionally, the transcriptional activities of the hzs and hdh genes involved in the anammox process, as well as the heme c content in AnGS, were also notably enhanced. Notably, Fe₃O₄ NPs were more effective than MPs in boosting anammox activity within AnGS. Mechanistically, Fe₃O₄ MPs released free iron, which ana

SUBMITTER: Xu D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11483320 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature