N-acetylcysteine in Kidney Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Effectiveness.

ABSTRACT: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has shown beneficial effects in both acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in preclinical and clinical studies. Different dosage and administration forms of NAC have specific pharmacokinetic properties that determine the temporal pattern of plasma concentrations of NAC and its active metabolites. Especially in acute situations with short-term NAC administration, appropriate NAC and glutathione (GSH) plasma concentrations should be timely ensured. For oral dosage forms, bioavailability needs to be established for the respective NAC formulation. Kidney function influences NAC pharmacokinetics, including a reduction of NAC clearance in advanced CKD. In addition, mechanisms of action underlying beneficial NAC effects depend on kidney function as well as c

SUBMITTER: Hernandez-Cruz EY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11489428 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature