Insulin oxidation and oxidative modifications alter glucose uptake, cell metabolism, and inflammatory secretion profiles.

ABSTRACT: Insulin participates in glucose homeostasis in the body and regulates glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidized insulin variants. Oxidative protein modifications can cause functional changes or altered immunogenicity as known from the context of autoimmune disorders. However, studies on the biological function of native and oxidized insulin on glucose homeostasis and cellular function are lacking. Native insulin showed heterogenous effects on metabolic activity, proliferation, glucose carrier transporter (GLUT) 4, and insulin receptor (INSR) expression, as well as glucose uptake in cell lines of five different human tissues. Diverse ROS compositions produced by different g

SUBMITTER: Clemen R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11492613 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature