Pollution and health risk assessments related to heavy metals on three prominent beaches in Makkah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Concerning levels of cadmium pollution.

ABSTRACT: Beach pollution can impact the health of people living in or visiting coastal areas. The primary goal of this research was to investigate the presence of heavy metal pollutants and associated health risks in three distinct coastal cities, Jeddah, Al-Lith, and Al-Qunfudhah, located along Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast. Forty-three soil samples were collected from different locations, heavy metals including Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb were isolated, and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Various metrics such as pollution indices (PI), integrated pollution indices (IPI), enrichment factors (EF), daily dose averages (ADD), hazard quotients (HQ), and hazard indices (HI), as well as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were employed to evalua

SUBMITTER: Alayyafi A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11493290 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature