Loss of HIV candidate vaccine efficacy in male macaques by mucosal nanoparticle immunization rescued by V2-specific response.

ABSTRACT: Systemic vaccination of macaques with V1-deleted (ΔV1) envelope immunogens reduce the risk of SIV_mac251 acquisition by approximately 60%, with protective roles played by V2-specific ADCC and envelope-specific mucosal IL-17⁺NKp44⁺ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). We investigated whether increased mucosal responses to V2 benefit vaccine efficacy by delivering oral nanoparticles (NPs) that release V2-scaffolded on Typhoid Toxin B (TTB) to the large intestine. Strikingly, mucosal immunization of male macaques abrogated vaccine efficacy with control TTB or empty NPs, but vaccine efficacy of up to 47.6% was preserved with V2-TTB NPs. The deleterious effects of NPs were linked to preferential recruitment of mucosal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), reduction of pr

SUBMITTER: Rahman MA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11496677 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature